Detección de coliformes fecales y Escherichia coli, del agua que se distribuye en el cantón El Empalme, Provincia del Guayas
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2021-09
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
La investigación evaluó la concentración de Coliformes fecales y Escherichia coli del agua de tres fuentes (Red de agua potable del GAD del Empalme, Empresa pública municipal de agua potable y alcantarillado del cantón El Empalme y el río Congo) a distintas franjas horarias. Para ello, se recolectaron 18 muestras, de las que se evaluaron los parámetros físico-químicos (temperatura, pH, conductividad y TDS) y microbiológicos. Una vez registrados los datos, se emplearon pruebas paramétricas (ANOVA) y no paramétricas (Kruskal-Wallis) según corresponda. Referente a la correlación entre parámetros físico-químicos y microbiológicos se empleó un ACP con un coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Finalmente, de los parámetros físico-químicos evaluados, únicamente el pH demostró diferencias significativas entre las fuentes de aguas, además de guardar una correlación positiva muy fuerte con E. coli y Coliformes fecales. De este último, se encontraron diferencias significativas entre fuentes, siendo el río Congo la de mayor contaminación bacteriana.
The research evaluated the concentration of fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli in water from three sources (drinking water network of the GAD del Empalme, municipal public drinking water and sewerage company of the canton of El Empalme, and the Congo River) at different times. For this purpose, 18 samples were collected and the physicochemical (temperature, pH, conductivity and TDS) and microbiological parameters were evaluated. Once the data were recorded, parametric (ANOVA) and non-parametric (Kruskal-Wallis) tests were used as appropriate. Regarding the correlation between physical-chemical and microbiological parameters, a PCA with a Pearson correlation coefficient was used. Finally, of the physicochemical parameters evaluated, only pH showed significant differences between the water sources, in addition to having a very strong positive correlation with E. coli and fecal coliforms. For the latter, significant differences were found between sources, with the Congo River having the highest bacterial contamination.
The research evaluated the concentration of fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli in water from three sources (drinking water network of the GAD del Empalme, municipal public drinking water and sewerage company of the canton of El Empalme, and the Congo River) at different times. For this purpose, 18 samples were collected and the physicochemical (temperature, pH, conductivity and TDS) and microbiological parameters were evaluated. Once the data were recorded, parametric (ANOVA) and non-parametric (Kruskal-Wallis) tests were used as appropriate. Regarding the correlation between physical-chemical and microbiological parameters, a PCA with a Pearson correlation coefficient was used. Finally, of the physicochemical parameters evaluated, only pH showed significant differences between the water sources, in addition to having a very strong positive correlation with E. coli and fecal coliforms. For the latter, significant differences were found between sources, with the Congo River having the highest bacterial contamination.
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AGUA POTABLE, CONTAMINACIÓN, CARGA BACTERIANA