Desarrollo de un prototipo para análisis de aglomeraciones de personas en áreas cerradas mediante mapas de concentración de CO2 y de temperatura.
Fecha
2021-10
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas y Físicas. Carrera de Ingeniería en Networking y Telecomunicaciones
Resumen
El proyecto que se elaboró tiene como objetivo desarrollar un prototipo que
permita renovar el aire en espacios poco ventilados teniendo como referencia la
temperatura y la concentración de CO2, usando sensores analógicos; para
lograrlo se tomaron rangos cuantitativos definidos por organismos
internacionales para identificar umbrales máximos, además se desarrolló un
software el cual interactúa con el prototipo analizando los datos generados por
los sensores para informar de una manera gráfica, fácil e interactiva a quienes
frecuenten estos lugares. Esto con el fin de evitar aglomeraciones en puntos o
nudos críticos de lugares los cuales son de encuentro común entre la
ciudadanía. Adicionalmente mediante la metodología de investigación cualitativa
y técnicas de recolección de datos, entre estos la observación y las encuestas se
muestra el comportamiento de las personas en espacios cerrados evidenciando
la problemática, luego para el desarrollo del proyecto es usado el modelo “V”, el
cual está dividido por etapas que se desarrollaron a lo largo de todo el proyecto.
De igual modo se realizaron pruebas en distintos lugares, los mismos que fueron
tomados en cuenta debido a su tamaño, estructura, ventilación y naturaleza de la actividad que realizan las personas que se encuentran en el mismo. Una vez
realizadas las pruebas se encontraron concentraciones elevadas de CO2 y un
aumento en la temperatura una vez transcurría un tiempo determinado e
incrementaba el número de personas, lo cual evidenció una mala calidad del aire
interior. De ahí que al finalizar todo el proceso del proyecto se puede concluir el
riesgo que se encuentra en espacios cerrados e incidencia de las dos variables
CO2 y Temperatura en la calidad del aire que respira una persona en lugares
que no tienen una adecuada ventilación, ya que al compartir espacios físicos en
común pueden generar efectos negativos en la salud.
The project that was developed aims to develop a prototype that allows to renew the air in poorly ventilated spaces, taking as reference the temperature and the CO2 concentration, using analog sensors; To achieve this, quantitative ranges defined by international organizations were taken to identify maximum thresholds, in addition a software was developed which interacts with the prototype by analyzing the data generated by the sensors to inform those who frequent these places in a graphic, easy and interactive way. This in order to avoid agglomerations in critical points or nodes of places which are of common encounter between the citizens. Additionally, through qualitative research methodology and data collection techniques, among these observation and surveys, the behavior of people in closed spaces is shown, evidencing the problem, then for the development of the project the model "V" is used, the which is divided into stages that were developed throughout the project. In the same way, tests were carried out in different places, the same ones that were taken into account due to their size, structure, ventilation and nature of the activity carried out by the people who are in it. Once the tests were carried out, high concentrations of CO2 and an increase in temperature were found once a certain time had elapsed and the number of people increased, which evidenced poor indoor air quality. Hence, at the end of the entire project process, the risk found in closed spaces and the incidence of the two variables CO2 and Temperature in the quality of the air that a person breathes in places that do not have adequate ventilation can be concluded, since by sharing physical spaces in common they can generate negative effects on health.
The project that was developed aims to develop a prototype that allows to renew the air in poorly ventilated spaces, taking as reference the temperature and the CO2 concentration, using analog sensors; To achieve this, quantitative ranges defined by international organizations were taken to identify maximum thresholds, in addition a software was developed which interacts with the prototype by analyzing the data generated by the sensors to inform those who frequent these places in a graphic, easy and interactive way. This in order to avoid agglomerations in critical points or nodes of places which are of common encounter between the citizens. Additionally, through qualitative research methodology and data collection techniques, among these observation and surveys, the behavior of people in closed spaces is shown, evidencing the problem, then for the development of the project the model "V" is used, the which is divided into stages that were developed throughout the project. In the same way, tests were carried out in different places, the same ones that were taken into account due to their size, structure, ventilation and nature of the activity carried out by the people who are in it. Once the tests were carried out, high concentrations of CO2 and an increase in temperature were found once a certain time had elapsed and the number of people increased, which evidenced poor indoor air quality. Hence, at the end of the entire project process, the risk found in closed spaces and the incidence of the two variables CO2 and Temperature in the quality of the air that a person breathes in places that do not have adequate ventilation can be concluded, since by sharing physical spaces in common they can generate negative effects on health.
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Palabras clave
Sensores analógicos, Prototipo, CO2, Temperatura, Calidad del aire, Mapas de concentración, Aglomeraciones