Estudio bibliográfico de la capacidad antimicótica del Samanea saman en especies de hongos fitopatógenos como Penicillium citrinum y Alternaria brassicicola
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2021
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
Resumen
En el presente estudio se propone analizar la capacidad antimicótica que tiene el Samanea saman en hongos fitopatógenos de gran importancia. Los cuales son dañinos para la producción agrícola y que han causado grandes pérdidas económicas en el caso del Penicillium a los productos de la hortofruticultura que causan un perjuicio en el rendimiento y calidad de la fruta.
En la actualidad existen diversos estudios realizados en este árbol. Los cuales demuestran su capacidad para inhibir bacterias y hongos. En esta última parte es hacia dónde va a estar dirigido el enfoque de la presente investigación que se basa en la actividad antifúngica de dicho árbol.
Mediante la indagación bibliográfica de los estudios antecesores demuestran los resultados mediante un tamizaje fitoquímico la cual indican que el Samanea saman es rico en metabolitos secundarios entre ellos saponinas, esteroides, alcaloides, flavonoides, resinas y taninos del tipo condensados como (catecol) formados por cianidina, catequina, entre otros con valor aproximado de 7.9 % los cuales le dan esa capacidad antifúngica.
La pitecolobina es un alcaloide aislado de S. saman la cual demostró la capacidad mínima inhibitoria para el hongo Penicillium en un 73.9% y Alternaria en un 91.0% por lo que la especie Alternaria mostró una alta sensibilidad a los extractos tanto etanólico como metanólico del S. saman.
Dichos estudios nos exponen la capacidad del Samanea como compuesto antifúngico que puede ser empleado como biocida natural, para la industria agrícola y así bajar la tasa de contaminación y consumo excesivo de químicos en plantaciones.
In the present study it is proposed to analyze the antifungal capacity that Samanea saman has in phytopathogenic fungi of great importance which are harmful to agricultural production and which have caused great economic losses in the case of Penicillium to horticultural products that cause a detriment to the yield and quality of the fruit. At present there are several studies carried out on this tree. Which demonstrate its ability to inhibit bacteria and fungi. This last part is where the focus of the present investigation will be directed, which is based on the antifungal activity of said tree. By means of the bibliographic investigation of the predecessor studies, they demonstrate the results by means of a phytochemical screening which indicate that Samanea saman is rich in secondary metabolites, including saponins, steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, resins and condensed type tannins such as (catechol) formed by cyanidin, catechin, among others with an approximate value of 7.9% which give it that antifungal capacity. Pythecolobin is an alkaloid isolated from S. saman which showed the minimum inhibitory capacity for the Penicillium fungus in 73.9% and Alternaria in 91.0%, therefore the Alternaria species showed a high sensitivity to both ethanolic and methanolic extracts of S saman. These studies show us the capacity of Samanea as an antifungal compound that can be used as a natural biocide for the agricultural industry and thus lower the rate of contamination and excessive consumption of chemicals in plantations.
In the present study it is proposed to analyze the antifungal capacity that Samanea saman has in phytopathogenic fungi of great importance which are harmful to agricultural production and which have caused great economic losses in the case of Penicillium to horticultural products that cause a detriment to the yield and quality of the fruit. At present there are several studies carried out on this tree. Which demonstrate its ability to inhibit bacteria and fungi. This last part is where the focus of the present investigation will be directed, which is based on the antifungal activity of said tree. By means of the bibliographic investigation of the predecessor studies, they demonstrate the results by means of a phytochemical screening which indicate that Samanea saman is rich in secondary metabolites, including saponins, steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, resins and condensed type tannins such as (catechol) formed by cyanidin, catechin, among others with an approximate value of 7.9% which give it that antifungal capacity. Pythecolobin is an alkaloid isolated from S. saman which showed the minimum inhibitory capacity for the Penicillium fungus in 73.9% and Alternaria in 91.0%, therefore the Alternaria species showed a high sensitivity to both ethanolic and methanolic extracts of S saman. These studies show us the capacity of Samanea as an antifungal compound that can be used as a natural biocide for the agricultural industry and thus lower the rate of contamination and excessive consumption of chemicals in plantations.
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SAMANEA SAMAN (ALGARROBO), HONGOS FITOPATÓGENOS, CAPACIDAD ANTIMICÓTICA, CAPACIDAD MÍNIMA INHIBITORIA