Diseño de un programa de controles operacionales para trabajos de alto riesgo en las actividades de fabricación y montaje de estructuras metálicas bajo los estándares de la norma ISO 45001:2018.
Fecha
2021-12-28
Autores
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad, Salud e Higiene Industrial.
Resumen
La empresa EDEHSA S.A., tiene como actividad productiva la conformación de
estructuras metálicas, en la cual se desarrollan actividades de alto riesgo, tales
como; trabajos de soldadura, izaje y montaje de elementos estructurales, trabajos
en espacios confinados, entre otros; en las cuales no se aplica un sistema adecuado
de gestión de la seguridad y salud en el trabajo, lo cual pone en riesgo la calidad y
eficiencia de la producción y la integridad de los trabajadores. El objetivo del
presente proyecto de investigación consiste en diseñar un programa de controles
operacionales para trabajos de alto riesgo en las actividades de fabricación y
montaje de estructuras metálicas, a través de un diagnóstico situacional, definición
de oportunidades de mejora. Se realizó una evaluación de percepción a un total de
180 trabajadores y un diagnóstico operacional de evaluación de riego y de
evaluación de la ISO 45001:2018, dando como resultado que solo el 5% los
aspectos evaluados fueron calificados como conformidad y, a pesar de que el
personal encuestado posee las competencias para el desarrollo de sus actividades,
el 15.45% considera que sus opiniones no son tomadas en cuenta, el 46.59% solo
se siente apoyado en partes por su equipo de trabajo y el 61.79% tiene miedo de
perder su trabajo. El programa diseñado se basa en 5 controles operacionales
diseñados específicamente para las actividades de alto riesgo identificadas en el
proceso investigativo; estos diseños operacionales contienen lineamientos que se
deben desarrollar, medidas de control y proyecciones de mejora continua.
The main production activity of the company EDEHSA S.A. is the fabrication and installation of steel structures, these industrial activities involve significant risks such as shop and site welding activities, lifting and erection of structural elements, working in confined spaces among others. These risks are not fully mitigated which have a potential negative impact on quality, production efficiency as well as on the safety of the craft force. The objective of this research project is to design an operational program to monitor and control high-risk work-related activities including the fabrication and the assembly of streel structures, throughout a diagnostic process as well as defining improvement opportunities. This research project included a survey which was sent to 180 workers, it includes also an operational diagnosis of risk assessment according to ISO 45001: 2018. The main results show that only 5% of the evaluated items were classified as conformity, and despite that the surveyed personnel have the right operational skills to carry out their activities 15.45% considered that they are not being heard, 46.59% felt partially supported by their team, and 61.79% are afraid of losing their job. The designed program is based on 5 operational controls specifically designed for the high-risk activities identified in this research process; these operational designs contain guidelines that need to be developed, as well as recommendations of control measures and projections of continuous improvement.
The main production activity of the company EDEHSA S.A. is the fabrication and installation of steel structures, these industrial activities involve significant risks such as shop and site welding activities, lifting and erection of structural elements, working in confined spaces among others. These risks are not fully mitigated which have a potential negative impact on quality, production efficiency as well as on the safety of the craft force. The objective of this research project is to design an operational program to monitor and control high-risk work-related activities including the fabrication and the assembly of streel structures, throughout a diagnostic process as well as defining improvement opportunities. This research project included a survey which was sent to 180 workers, it includes also an operational diagnosis of risk assessment according to ISO 45001: 2018. The main results show that only 5% of the evaluated items were classified as conformity, and despite that the surveyed personnel have the right operational skills to carry out their activities 15.45% considered that they are not being heard, 46.59% felt partially supported by their team, and 61.79% are afraid of losing their job. The designed program is based on 5 operational controls specifically designed for the high-risk activities identified in this research process; these operational designs contain guidelines that need to be developed, as well as recommendations of control measures and projections of continuous improvement.
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Palabras clave
SEGURIDAD, SALUD E HIGIENE INDUSTRIAL, CONTROLES OPERACIONALES, RIESGOS LABORALES, ISO 45001:2018