Diseño e implementación de un sistema de detección de incendios para Instituciones Educativas basado en redes LPWAN
Fecha
2022
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas y Físicas. Carrera de Ingeniería en Networking y Telecomunicaciones
Resumen
Considerando la importancia de precautelar la seguridad de la comunidad educativa
dentro de los planteles, el presente trabajo de titulación propone diseñar un sistema
para la detección de incendios con equipos de tecnología LoRa, elaborando un
prototipo y planteando el uso de las plataformas TTN y Ubidots para el monitoreo
de los datos emitidos por los sensores y posible recepción de alarmas. Con esta
propuesta de cambio en la tecnología de los sistemas contra incendios que son
usados en las instituciones educativas se busca reducir el alto costo que representan
las instalaciones de estos, motivo por el cual, en muchos casos, no son consideradas
algunas áreas de vital importancia para este tipo de instalaciones. La tecnología
LoRaWAN evita el uso extenso de cableado, tubería y canaletas; además de
permitir la recepción de alarmas vía correo electrónico o mensajes de texto en caso
de fallos en los equipos o previo al inicio de un siniestro. Este proyecto de titulación
es realizado basándose en la metodología PMI, cuya estructura dividida en cuatro
fases permite analizar los requerimientos, desarrollar el diseño, implementar el
prototipo propuesto, y demostrar los resultados mediante pruebas. Al mismo
tiempo, se llevó a cabo una encuesta a estudiantes, docentes y autoridades
educativas, relacionados directamente con la problemática expuesta, con la que se
pudo medir la importancia y factibilidad de la propuesta establecida. Al llevar a
cabo las pruebas necesarias con respecto al aumento de temperatura y
contaminación del aire, midiendo niveles de CO2 y VOC. Asimismo, se pudo
comprobar el sistema de alerta mediante correo electrónico y mensajes de texto, lo
que permitió constatar que el prototipo posee una excelente funcionabilidad como
para ser implementada a mayor escala en planteles educativos, lo cual representaría
un cambio tecnológico en un sistema que se ha mantenido activo bajo el mismo
formato alrededor de dos décadas.
Considering how important it is to keep the education community safe inside of the school buildings, this project proposes a fire detection system design in which some LoRa technology devices are used, creating a prototype that uses the TTN and Ubidots platforms to monitor the information received through the sensors and the alarms it might send. The change in the technology of the fire detection system that is being proposed tries to reduce the installation costs, which is one of the main reasons for not installing this system in each school area, such as classrooms and bathrooms. LoRaWAN technology avoids the excessive number of wires and conduits used; it also allows the reception of alarms through emails and text messages whenever a device presents a problem or even before a fire can happen. PMI framework, which is the methodology used in this thesis project, involves a well-defined set of techniques that allows the analysis of the requirements, the development of the design, the prototype implementation, and the results after carrying out testing. In addition, it was conducted a survey asking important questions related to the problem exposed. Students, teachers, and school authorities were able to confirm the importance and feasibility of this project proposal. When carrying out testing related to temperature rising and air contamination that measured CO2 and VOC. Furthermore, it was possible to prove the alarm system sent through email and text messages, making it easy to realize that the prototype could work correctly in schools. If this prototype gets to be used, it will represent a technological change in the system that has been used for more than two decades.
Considering how important it is to keep the education community safe inside of the school buildings, this project proposes a fire detection system design in which some LoRa technology devices are used, creating a prototype that uses the TTN and Ubidots platforms to monitor the information received through the sensors and the alarms it might send. The change in the technology of the fire detection system that is being proposed tries to reduce the installation costs, which is one of the main reasons for not installing this system in each school area, such as classrooms and bathrooms. LoRaWAN technology avoids the excessive number of wires and conduits used; it also allows the reception of alarms through emails and text messages whenever a device presents a problem or even before a fire can happen. PMI framework, which is the methodology used in this thesis project, involves a well-defined set of techniques that allows the analysis of the requirements, the development of the design, the prototype implementation, and the results after carrying out testing. In addition, it was conducted a survey asking important questions related to the problem exposed. Students, teachers, and school authorities were able to confirm the importance and feasibility of this project proposal. When carrying out testing related to temperature rising and air contamination that measured CO2 and VOC. Furthermore, it was possible to prove the alarm system sent through email and text messages, making it easy to realize that the prototype could work correctly in schools. If this prototype gets to be used, it will represent a technological change in the system that has been used for more than two decades.
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Palabras clave
Redes, Sensores, LPWAN, LoRa