Estudio de los factores de riesgo mecánico y su incidencia en los accidentes laborales, en el área de taller de una empresa metalmecánica de la ciudad de Guayaquil.
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Fecha
2022-04-07
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad, Salud e Higiene Industrial.
Resumen
El presente trabajo de investigación se basa en la identificación de los factores de
riesgos mecánicos que intervienen en la accidentabilidad de la empresa
metalmecánica METALCOR S.A., cuya actividad económica es la de realizar
trabajos de ensamble, montaje y trabajos de soldadura en equipos destinados para
la producción del balanceado, dando soporte para su respectivo análisis se han
considerado accidentes laborales ocurridos durante los meses de Enero y Diciembre
del año 2021, suscitándose un total de 16 eventos con días de incapacidad temporal
en los trabajadores, recayendo esta anomalía al personal operativo llámese a
soldadores, ayudantes mecánicos, mecánico industrial y líder de grupos,
produciendo un total de 30 días perdidos durante todo el año. El objetivo de este
proceso investigativo es el de identificar los factores de riesgo inherente que se
encuentran al momento de realizar las actividades laborales, como son ensambles,
soldadura y armaje de elementos y maquinaria. Para identificar los peligros y
valoración de riesgos se utilizó la metodología GTC- 45 (Versión 2012), la misma
que ayudó desde un enfoque cuanti-cualitativo ver el nivel de riesgo más
representativo en los puestos de trabajo que se desarrollan en la empresa, también
recurrimos a la aplicación del modelo de causalidad de accidentes para determinar
las causas inmediatas y causas básicas del porque se suscitan los accidentes
laborales. También se procedió a realizar un análisis seguro de la tarea para
identificar todas esas condiciones sub-estándar que existe en el entorno laboral,
minimizar su acción y así proteger a los trabajadores de alguna eventualidad
catastrófica accidental y por último el seguimiento a estos dos ítems los cuales
pueda llevar a mejorar el involucramiento y comportamiento seguro de los
trabajadores. Como propuesta se recomienda utilizar el método de Hudson para
mejorar la cultura se seguridad industrial en la empresa mediante tres ejes
fundamentales: tecnología, sistemas y cultura.
This research is based on the identification of the mechanical risk factors involved in the accident rate of the metal-mechanic company METALCOR S.A., whose economic activity is to perform assembly, assembly and welding work on equipment for the production of balanced, giving support for their respective analysis have been considered accidents occurred during the months of January and December 2021, raising a total of 16 events with days of temporary disability in workers, falling this anomaly to the operational staff called welders, mechanical assistants, industrial mechanics and group leader, producing a total of 30 days lost throughout the year. The aim of this research process is to identify the inherent risk factors that are found at the time of performing work activities, such as assembly, welding and assembly of elements and machinery. To identify the hazards and risk assessment, methodology GTC-45 (Version 2012) was used, which helped from a quantitative-qualitative approach to see the most representative level of risk in jobs that are developed in the company, we also resorted to the implementation of the accident causation framework to determine the immediate causes and root causes of why accidents occur at the workplace. Moreover, we proceeded to perform a safe task analysis to identify all those sub-standard conditions that exist in the occupational environment, minimize their action and thus protect workers from any accidental catastrophic eventuality, and finally, the follow-up to these two items which can lead to improve the involvement and safe behavior of workers. As a proposal, it is recommended to use Hudson's method to enhance the industrial safety culture in the company through three fundamental axes: technology, systems and culture.
This research is based on the identification of the mechanical risk factors involved in the accident rate of the metal-mechanic company METALCOR S.A., whose economic activity is to perform assembly, assembly and welding work on equipment for the production of balanced, giving support for their respective analysis have been considered accidents occurred during the months of January and December 2021, raising a total of 16 events with days of temporary disability in workers, falling this anomaly to the operational staff called welders, mechanical assistants, industrial mechanics and group leader, producing a total of 30 days lost throughout the year. The aim of this research process is to identify the inherent risk factors that are found at the time of performing work activities, such as assembly, welding and assembly of elements and machinery. To identify the hazards and risk assessment, methodology GTC-45 (Version 2012) was used, which helped from a quantitative-qualitative approach to see the most representative level of risk in jobs that are developed in the company, we also resorted to the implementation of the accident causation framework to determine the immediate causes and root causes of why accidents occur at the workplace. Moreover, we proceeded to perform a safe task analysis to identify all those sub-standard conditions that exist in the occupational environment, minimize their action and thus protect workers from any accidental catastrophic eventuality, and finally, the follow-up to these two items which can lead to improve the involvement and safe behavior of workers. As a proposal, it is recommended to use Hudson's method to enhance the industrial safety culture in the company through three fundamental axes: technology, systems and culture.
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Palabras clave
SEGURIDAD, SALUD E HIGIENE INDUSTRIAL, FACTORES DE RIESGO, RIESGO MECÁNICO, ACCIDENTES LABORALES