Estudio de los factores del riesgo ergonómico en el área de estibado de la Distribuidora Romero-Reyes y el control de los determinantes de la salud ocupacional.
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2022-04-29
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad, Salud e Higiene Industrial.
Resumen
Este estudio realizó un estudio del riesgo ergonómico en el proceso de
estibado, para lo cual se planteó como objetivo general, evaluar la influencia
significativa del determinante peso en los riesgos ergonómicos de los trabajadores
que vinculan la distancia a recorrer con carga permanente hasta las bodegas y
viceversa, basado en el tiempo de exposición que generan problemas músculo-
esqueléticos en la salud ocupacional de los estibadores, bajo la aplicación de la
metodología descriptiva y exploratoria, con el uso de los métodos REBA y G-
INSHT. Como resultado se obtuvo, un peso real mayor a 25 Kg. superior al
aceptable de 15,66 Kg., recorriendo distancias superiores a 10 metros por cada viaje
recorrido, una vez cada cinco minutos, significando que, en 8 horas de trabajo, sin
descanso alguno, lleva una carga superior a 6.000 Kg. por día, ocasionando una
pérdida anual de $12.580,00. Se propuso un plan de acción para la prevención del
riesgo ergonómico, basado en la adquisición de plataformas rodantes para
mecanizar el proceso de estibado, además de la implementación de los descansos
programados o pausas activas y la capacitación ergonómicas para los estibadores,
con una inversión de $5.675,00, que genera un coeficiente beneficio /costo de 2,22.
En conclusión, se comprobó que el peso de la carga, levantando bajo un proceso
manual, durante horas diarias, sin descanso, recorriendo distancias considerables,
influyó en el elevado riesgo ergonómico evaluado, que expone a los estibadores a
lesiones músculo – esqueléticas.
This study carried out a study of the ergonomic risk in the stowage process, for which the general objective was raised, to evaluate the significant influence of the determinant weight in the ergonomic risks of the workers that link the distance to travel with permanent load to the warehouses and vice versa, based on the exposure time generated by musculoskeletal problems in the occupational health of dockworkers, under the application of the descriptive and exploratory methodology, with the use of the REBA and G-INSHT methods. As a result, a real weight greater than 25 Kg. was obtained, higher than the acceptable 15.66 Kg., traveling distances greater than 10 meters for each trip traveled, once every five minutes, meaning that, in 8 hours of work, without any rest, carries a load of more than 6,000 kg per day, causing an annual loss of $12,580.00. An action plan was proposed for the prevention of ergonomic risk, based on the acquisition of rolling platforms to mechanize the stowage process, in addition to the implementation of scheduled breaks or active breaks and ergonomic training for stevedores, with an investment of $5,675.00, which generates a benefit/cost ratio of 2.22. In conclusion, it was found that the weight of the load, lifting under a manual process, for hours a day, without rest, traveling considerable distances, influenced the high ergonomic risk assessed, which exposes stevedores to musculoskeletal injuries.
This study carried out a study of the ergonomic risk in the stowage process, for which the general objective was raised, to evaluate the significant influence of the determinant weight in the ergonomic risks of the workers that link the distance to travel with permanent load to the warehouses and vice versa, based on the exposure time generated by musculoskeletal problems in the occupational health of dockworkers, under the application of the descriptive and exploratory methodology, with the use of the REBA and G-INSHT methods. As a result, a real weight greater than 25 Kg. was obtained, higher than the acceptable 15.66 Kg., traveling distances greater than 10 meters for each trip traveled, once every five minutes, meaning that, in 8 hours of work, without any rest, carries a load of more than 6,000 kg per day, causing an annual loss of $12,580.00. An action plan was proposed for the prevention of ergonomic risk, based on the acquisition of rolling platforms to mechanize the stowage process, in addition to the implementation of scheduled breaks or active breaks and ergonomic training for stevedores, with an investment of $5,675.00, which generates a benefit/cost ratio of 2.22. In conclusion, it was found that the weight of the load, lifting under a manual process, for hours a day, without rest, traveling considerable distances, influenced the high ergonomic risk assessed, which exposes stevedores to musculoskeletal injuries.
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SEGURIDAD, SALUD E HIGIENE INDUSTRIAL, FACTORES DE RIESGO, RIESGOS ERGONÓMICOS, LESIONES MUSCULOESQUELÉTICAS