La economía circular y la industria 4.0 como modelo de producción para aprovechar la biomasa urbana.
Fecha
2022-04-28
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial.
Resumen
El propósito de este trabajo de tesis consistió en plantear un modelo económico sostenible
basado en la Economía Circular e Industria 4.0 a través de relacionar y valorar los Objetivos
de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) y los estándares de la Economía circular e Industria 4.0. El
estudio se fundamenta en la investigación básica con un enfoque descriptivo – exploratoria
con una técnica documental - bibliográfica que a través del Gestor bibliográfico
VOSviewer se obtuvo información y datos relevantes de artículos de sitios como lo es:
Scopus, Elsevier y Google Académico. Por medio de esta herramienta bibliográfica se
realizaron los mapeos correspondiente sobre la Economía Circular, Tecnologías e Industria
4.0 y de las Energías Renovables, Biomasa urbana, ODS y Agenda 2030 con respecto a
nuestro país Ecuador, como también datos a nivel local, Nacional e Internacional. Los
resultados obtenidos evidencian que en el Ecuador existe suficiente biomasa para trabajar
pero no cuenta con las tecnologías 4.0 idónea según los requerimientos actuales solicitados
en la Agenda 2030 para el desarrollo y consumo sostenible alineados a la Economía
circular. También se evidencia que no se promueve una cultura basada en la Economía
Sostenible y circular sobre todo en la región Costa donde se genera la mayor cantidad de
desechos orgánicos urbanos. Por lo tanto, se concluye que el modelo de producción óptimo
para la Biomasa urbana y su respectivo aprovechamiento energético según la Economía
circular es de las 3R (Reducir, Reutilizar y Reciclar) con una tecnología verde 4.0
(fermentación metánica).
The purpose of this Thesis was to propose a sustainable economic model based in the Circular Economy and 4.0 Industry through relating and assessing the “Sustainable Development Goals” (SDG) and the Circular Economy and 4.0 Industry standars. The study is focused on basic research, with a descriptive - exploratory approach with a bibliographic technique which using the VOSviewer bibliographic manager, obtained information and relevant data from articles such as: Scopus, Elsevier and Google Scholar. By using this bibliographic tool, the corresponding mappings were carried out on the Circular Economy, Technologies and 4.0 Industry and Renewable Energies, Urban Biomass, ODS and Agenda 2030 according to our country Ecuador, the local data also, National and International level. The results obtained show that in Ecuador there is enough biomass to work but it does not have the ideal 4.0 technologies according to the current requirements requested in the 2030 Agenda for the development and sustainable consumption aligned with the Circular Economy. It is also evident that a culture based on the Sustainable and circular Economy is not promoted, especially in the Coast region where the largest amount of urban organic waste is generated. Therefore, it is concluded that the optimal production model for urban biomass and its respective energy use according to the Circular Economy is the 3R (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) with green technology 4.0 (methane fermentation).
The purpose of this Thesis was to propose a sustainable economic model based in the Circular Economy and 4.0 Industry through relating and assessing the “Sustainable Development Goals” (SDG) and the Circular Economy and 4.0 Industry standars. The study is focused on basic research, with a descriptive - exploratory approach with a bibliographic technique which using the VOSviewer bibliographic manager, obtained information and relevant data from articles such as: Scopus, Elsevier and Google Scholar. By using this bibliographic tool, the corresponding mappings were carried out on the Circular Economy, Technologies and 4.0 Industry and Renewable Energies, Urban Biomass, ODS and Agenda 2030 according to our country Ecuador, the local data also, National and International level. The results obtained show that in Ecuador there is enough biomass to work but it does not have the ideal 4.0 technologies according to the current requirements requested in the 2030 Agenda for the development and sustainable consumption aligned with the Circular Economy. It is also evident that a culture based on the Sustainable and circular Economy is not promoted, especially in the Coast region where the largest amount of urban organic waste is generated. Therefore, it is concluded that the optimal production model for urban biomass and its respective energy use according to the Circular Economy is the 3R (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) with green technology 4.0 (methane fermentation).
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Palabras clave
PROYECTOS NUEVOS, ECONOMÍA CIRCULAR, BIOMASA RESIDUAL URBANA, FERMENTACIÓN METÁNICA