Estudio comparativo del contenido antioxidante en extractos no polares de semilla y hojas de Tectona grandis cultivado en Ecuador.
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2022
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
Resumen
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la capacidad antioxidante de hojas y semillas de Tectona grandis, ello en función del contenido fenólico y composición química de los respectivos extractos no polares. Para ello, se llevó a cabo la determinación de la actividad antioxidante mediante el método DPPH, obteniendo una concentración de 0,083 mg/mL en hojas y 0,245 mg/mL en semillas. El contenido fenólico total se evaluó por Folin-Ciocalteu, reportando en semillas un contenido mayor en comparación a las hojas con valores de 0,136 mg GAE/mL y 0,054 mg GAE /mL respectivamente. Los resultados fueron correlacionados mediante la caracterización química de los extractos hexánicos y metanólicos por medio de cromatografía de gases acoplado a un espectrómetro de masas, pudiendo establecer una comparación entre las concentraciones obtenidas y las principales moléculas identificadas. Al respecto, se enfatiza la cuantificación de cuatro compuestos con actividad biológica en hojas, destacando escualeno (6,58%), gamma-sitosterol (1,61%), fitol (0,85%) y estigmasterol (0,70%); y cuatro sustancias con actividad bilógica en semillas, siendo el estigmasterol (2,78%) y el ácido eicosanoico (1,23%) las moléculas de mayor abundancia, entre otros compuestos identificados en menor proporción. El estudio demuestra el potencial de los desechos forestales (hojas y semillas) por su composición química proporcionando información inédita relevante para su aprovechamiento en la industria.
The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of tectona grandis leaves and seeds, based on the phenolic content and chemical composition of the respective non-polar extracts. To do this, the determination of antioxidant activity was carried out using the DPPH method, obtaining a concentration of 0.083 mg/mL in leaves and 0.245 mg/mL in seeds. The total phenolic content was evaluated by Folin-Ciocalteu, reporting in seeds a higher content compared to the leaves with values of 0.136 mg GAE/mL and 0.054 mg GAE /mL respectively. The results were correlated through the chemical characterization of the hexanic and methanolic extracts by means of gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer, being able to establish a comparison between the concentrations obtained and the main molecules identified. In this regard, the quantification of four compounds with biological activity in leaves is emphasized, highlighting squalene (6.58%), gamma-sitosterol (1.61%), phytol (0.85%) and stigmasterol (0.70%); and four substances with biological activity in seeds, with stigmasterol (2.78%) and eicosanoic acid (1.23%) being the molecules of greatest abundance, among other compounds identified in a smaller proportion. The study demonstrates the potential of forest waste (leaves and seeds) due to its chemical composition, providing unprecedented information relevant to its use in industry.
The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of tectona grandis leaves and seeds, based on the phenolic content and chemical composition of the respective non-polar extracts. To do this, the determination of antioxidant activity was carried out using the DPPH method, obtaining a concentration of 0.083 mg/mL in leaves and 0.245 mg/mL in seeds. The total phenolic content was evaluated by Folin-Ciocalteu, reporting in seeds a higher content compared to the leaves with values of 0.136 mg GAE/mL and 0.054 mg GAE /mL respectively. The results were correlated through the chemical characterization of the hexanic and methanolic extracts by means of gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer, being able to establish a comparison between the concentrations obtained and the main molecules identified. In this regard, the quantification of four compounds with biological activity in leaves is emphasized, highlighting squalene (6.58%), gamma-sitosterol (1.61%), phytol (0.85%) and stigmasterol (0.70%); and four substances with biological activity in seeds, with stigmasterol (2.78%) and eicosanoic acid (1.23%) being the molecules of greatest abundance, among other compounds identified in a smaller proportion. The study demonstrates the potential of forest waste (leaves and seeds) due to its chemical composition, providing unprecedented information relevant to its use in industry.
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HOJAS TECTONA GRANDIS, SEMILLAS TECTONA GRANDIS, ACTIVIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE