Influencia del trastorno depresivo y su relación con el incremento de deterioro cognitivo en adultos mayores
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2021
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
Contexto: La depresión en el adulto mayor está ligada con alteraciones cognitivas leves de
inicio temprano, por lo cual, su evaluación e intervención son cruciales.
Objetivo: Establecer la influencia del trastorno depresivo en el incremento de la alteración
de la funcionalidad cognitiva en pacientes adultos mayores de 65 años de edad ingresados
en el Hospital de Especialidades Dr. “Abel Gilbert Pontón” de Guayaquil en el periodo junio
a diciembre del 2020.
Materiales y Métodos: Correlacional, no experimental, transversal. Población: 315 adultos
mayores. Mediante un muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple se determinó una muestra de
112 pacientes, a quienes se les aplicó las herramientas de Evaluación Cognitiva Montreal MoCA, y la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica de Yesavage. La información fue analizada con
el programa estadístico SPSS v22.0. Como prueba de contraste de hipótesis se utilizó el RR
y el test de Chi cuadrado. Para el análisis multivariado se utilizaron dos modelos de regresión
logística.
Resultados:Hombres (64.5%), Edad ( : 71.8 ± 5.7 Depresión (100%) Moderada
(35,7%), Grave (64,3%). Deterioro cognitivo (82,1%). Factores relacionados con deterioro
cognitivo: Edad 65-75 años [RR: 0,83; IC 95%: 0,72-0,96]; solteros [RR: 1,22; IC 95%: 1,12-
1,34]; educación primaria [RR: 1,26; IC 95%: 1,06-1,49]; discapacidad [RR: 1,22; IC 95%:
1,06-1,40]; depresión grave [RR:1,34; IC 95%: 1,06-1,68]; polimorbilidad [RR: 1,94; IC
95%: 1,15-3,30]. En el análisis multivariado, la edad y el estado civil se relacionaron con
depresión grave y deterioro cognitivo (p<0,05).
Context: Depression in the elderly is associated with mild early-onset cognitive alterations, for which its evaluation and intervention are crucial. Objective: To establish the influence of depressive disorder in the increase of the alteration of cognitive functionality in adult patients older than 65 years of age admitted to the Hospital de Especialidades Dr. "Abel Gilbert Pontón" of Guayaquil in the period June to December 2020 . Materials and Methods: correlational, non-experimental, and cross-sectional. Population: 315 older adults. By means of a simple random probability sampling, a sample of 112 patients was determined, to whom the Montreal-MoCA Cognitive Assessment tools and the Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale were applied. The information was analyzed with the statistical program SPSS v22.0. As a hypothesis contrast test, the RR and the Chi square test were used. Two logistic regression models were used for multivariate analysis. Results: Men (64.5%). Age ( : 71.8 ± 5.7 years). Depression (100%): Moderate (35.7%), Severe (64.3%). Cognitive impairment (82.1%). Factors related to cognitive impairment: Age 65-75 years [RR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.72-0.96]; single [RR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.12-1.34]; primary education [RR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.06-1.49]; disability [RR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.06-1.40]; severe depression [RR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.06-1.68]; polymorbidity [RR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.15- 3.30]. In the multivariate analysis, age and marital status were associated with severe depression and cognitive impairment (p <0.05)
Context: Depression in the elderly is associated with mild early-onset cognitive alterations, for which its evaluation and intervention are crucial. Objective: To establish the influence of depressive disorder in the increase of the alteration of cognitive functionality in adult patients older than 65 years of age admitted to the Hospital de Especialidades Dr. "Abel Gilbert Pontón" of Guayaquil in the period June to December 2020 . Materials and Methods: correlational, non-experimental, and cross-sectional. Population: 315 older adults. By means of a simple random probability sampling, a sample of 112 patients was determined, to whom the Montreal-MoCA Cognitive Assessment tools and the Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale were applied. The information was analyzed with the statistical program SPSS v22.0. As a hypothesis contrast test, the RR and the Chi square test were used. Two logistic regression models were used for multivariate analysis. Results: Men (64.5%). Age ( : 71.8 ± 5.7 years). Depression (100%): Moderate (35.7%), Severe (64.3%). Cognitive impairment (82.1%). Factors related to cognitive impairment: Age 65-75 years [RR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.72-0.96]; single [RR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.12-1.34]; primary education [RR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.06-1.49]; disability [RR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.06-1.40]; severe depression [RR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.06-1.68]; polymorbidity [RR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.15- 3.30]. In the multivariate analysis, age and marital status were associated with severe depression and cognitive impairment (p <0.05)
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Anciano, Trastorno depresivo, Disdunción cognitiva, Hospital de Especialidades Guayaquil Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador