Economía del cuidado y protección social: elementos claves para el desarrollo humano, período 2007-2020.
Fecha
2020-10
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Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
El presente trabajo compara los aportes de los trabajos del cuidado a la economía con los recursos destinados a políticas de protección social en relación al presupuesto total. A partir del enfoque de la economía feminista se revisa los aportes del cuidado a la economía y se lo contrasta con las políticas de protección social. Los cuidados se constituyen en una pieza importante dentro del sistema económico, debido a que sostienen la vida y a la fuerza de trabajo, sin embargo, debido a la estructura patriarcal imperante, éstos se convierten en una sobrecarga de trabajo para las mujeres lo que limita sus potencialidades, frente a unas políticas de protección social que se reducen cada vez más. Por lo tanto, se plantea la necesidad de políticas de corresponsabilidad en los cuidados. Durante el periodo de estudio se pudo evidenciar que en el Ecuador los gobiernos han destinado la mayor parte del presupuesto al pago del servicio de la deuda, al mismo tiempo que limitaron los recursos destinados a la salud, educación y bienestar social. Si bien, desde el Estado se han creado programas que brindan servicios del cuidado, éstos tienen cobertura limitada debido a que no cuentan con los suficientes recursos para expandirlo. En tiempos de pandemia se evidenció con mayor intensidad el significativo papel de los trabajos del cuidado en la economía, la escasez de políticas de protección social que tiene el país y las falencias de los sistemas de salud y educación, lo que agravó las condiciones de vida y trabajo de la población y la crisis de los cuidados.
This paper compares the contributions of care work to the economy with the resources allocated to social protection policies in relation to the total budget. From the perspective of feminist economics, the contributions of care to the economy are reviewed and contrasted with social protection policies. Care is an important part of the economic system, because it supports life and the workforce, however, due to the prevailing patriarchal structure, it corresponds to an overload of work for women, which limits their potential, compared to the policies of social protection that are increasingly reduced. Therefore, the need for policies of co-responsibility in care arises. During the study period, it was possible to show that in Ecuador the governments have allocated most of the budget to the payment of debt service, at the same time that they limited the resources allocated to health, education and social welfare. Although the State has created programs that provide care services, these have limited coverage because they do not have sufficient resources to expand it. In times of pandemic, the important role of care work in the economy, the scarcity of social protection policies in the country and the deficiencies of the health and education systems, which aggravated the living and working conditions of the population and the care crisis.
This paper compares the contributions of care work to the economy with the resources allocated to social protection policies in relation to the total budget. From the perspective of feminist economics, the contributions of care to the economy are reviewed and contrasted with social protection policies. Care is an important part of the economic system, because it supports life and the workforce, however, due to the prevailing patriarchal structure, it corresponds to an overload of work for women, which limits their potential, compared to the policies of social protection that are increasingly reduced. Therefore, the need for policies of co-responsibility in care arises. During the study period, it was possible to show that in Ecuador the governments have allocated most of the budget to the payment of debt service, at the same time that they limited the resources allocated to health, education and social welfare. Although the State has created programs that provide care services, these have limited coverage because they do not have sufficient resources to expand it. In times of pandemic, the important role of care work in the economy, the scarcity of social protection policies in the country and the deficiencies of the health and education systems, which aggravated the living and working conditions of the population and the care crisis.
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Palabras clave
ECONÓMIA FEMINISTA, PROTECCIÓN SOCIAL, PANDEMIA, CUIDADOS
Citación
APA