Anemia severa como factor de riesgo en las complicaciones maternos neonatales en adolescentes
Fecha
2021
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Obstetricia
Resumen
La OMS reportó en el 2018 que la anemia durante el embarazo se asocia a complicaciones materno-fetal. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar los factores de riesgo en adolescentes con anemia severa, que ocasionaron complicaciones materno – neonatales en el Centro de Salud Santiago de Guayaquil desde septiembre de 2020 a marzo del 2021. La metodología fue observacional, cuantitativa, descriptiva de corte transversal, con una muestra de 161 pacientes. Los factores de riesgo en las pacientes adolescentes se asociaron principalmente con el número de controles prenatales seguido de la aplicación correcta del tratamiento. Las complicaciones identificadas fueron inestabilidad hemodinámica con un 36.65%, seguido de hemorragia transitoria con un 31.06% (madres) y en neonatos fueron, bajo peso al nacer en un 47.20%, seguido de retardo del crecimiento intrauterino con un 39.13%. Solo el 30.4% de las pacientes mostraron mejorías postratamiento. Lo puntajes altos de Apgar (8-10) se presentaron en un 70.81%.
Palabras Claves: ANEMIA SEVERA, COMPLICACIONES, CONTROLES PRENATALES, RCIU
The WHO reported in 2018 that anemia during pregnancy is associated with maternal-fetal mortality. The objective of the study was to determine the risk factors in adolescents with severe anemia, which caused maternal-neonatal complications at the Santiago de Guayaquil Health Center from September 2020 to March 2021. The methodology was observational, quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, with a sample of 161 patients. Risk factors in adolescent patients were mainly associated with the number of prenatal controls followed by the correct application of treatment. The complications identified were hemodynamic instability with 36.65%, followed by transient hemorrhage with 31.06% (mothers) and in neonates, low birth weight with 47.20%, followed by intrauterine growth retardation with 39.13%. Only 30.4% of the patients showed post-treatment improvement. High Apgar scores (8-10) were present in 70.81%. Keywords: SEVERE ANEMIA, COMPLICATIONS, PRENATAL CONTROLS, FGR
The WHO reported in 2018 that anemia during pregnancy is associated with maternal-fetal mortality. The objective of the study was to determine the risk factors in adolescents with severe anemia, which caused maternal-neonatal complications at the Santiago de Guayaquil Health Center from September 2020 to March 2021. The methodology was observational, quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, with a sample of 161 patients. Risk factors in adolescent patients were mainly associated with the number of prenatal controls followed by the correct application of treatment. The complications identified were hemodynamic instability with 36.65%, followed by transient hemorrhage with 31.06% (mothers) and in neonates, low birth weight with 47.20%, followed by intrauterine growth retardation with 39.13%. Only 30.4% of the patients showed post-treatment improvement. High Apgar scores (8-10) were present in 70.81%. Keywords: SEVERE ANEMIA, COMPLICATIONS, PRENATAL CONTROLS, FGR
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ADOLESCENTE, ANEMIA, COMPLICACIONES DEL EMBARAZO, ATENCION PRENATAL, EPIDEMIOLOGIA DESCRIPTIVA, CENTRO SALUD SANTIAGO DE GUAYQUIL, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR