Factores de riesgo del intento suicida en pacientes adultos hospitalizados en el Servicio de Psiquiatría del Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo
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2021
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
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El suicidio es un problema de salud pública claramente identificado que lidera las principales cusas de muerte a nivel mundial y en nuestro medio corresponde a una de las principales emergencias psiquiátricas, continuamente se realizan grandes esfuerzos para obtener una adecuada valoración, predicción y prevención. El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo general determinar los factores de riesgo del intento suicida en pacientes adultos hospitalizados en el servicio de psiquiatría del Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo. Este trabajo de titulación tiene un enfoque cuantitativo cuya metodología será observacional, correlacional, transversal y retrospectivo. Encontrando como resultados edad promedio de 39,70 años, predominado el sexo femenino 75,68%; estado civil soltero(a) 48,65%, seguido de casado(a) 29,73%, unión libre 10,81% e igual valor para divorciado(a). El diagnóstico más frecuente fue episodio depresivo 78,37%, seguido de trastorno afectivo bipolar 10,81%, esquizofrenia paranoide 5,41% e igual porcentaje para otros trastornos de ansiedad. La crisis vital más recurrente fue la relación de pareja 45,95%, seguido de problemas relacionados con aspectos laborales, económicos o legales 16,22%, problemas con alguna enfermedad 10,81% e igual valor para duelo, problemas familiares 5,41%, ningún problema asociado 10,81%. La media de intentos de suicidio fue 1,86. El 37,84% de los pacientes presentaron abuso sexual; 27,03% padecían enfermedad crónica; 2,70% presentaban antecedentes familiares por suicidio; 16,22% había consumido sustancias; 32,42% tenía apoyo sociofamiliar. Este trabajo concluye que el sexo femenino, estado civil soltero, diagnóstico episodio depresivo, conflictos de pareja, y abuso sexual son factores de riesgo más frecuentes en nuestra localidad.
Palabras clave: intento suicida, factor de riesgo, letalidad, adultez
Suicide is a clearly identified public health problem that leads the main causes of death worldwide and in our environment it corresponds to one of the main psychiatric emergencies. Great efforts are continuously made to obtain an adequate assessment, prediction and prevention. The general objective of this research work is to determine the risk factors for suicide attempt in adult patients hospitalized in the psychiatry service of the Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Specialty Hospital. This degree work has a quantitative approach whose methodology will be observational, correlational, transversal and retrospective. Finding as results average age of 39.70 years, predominantly female 75.68%; single marital status 48.65%, followed by married 29.73%, free union 10.81% and the same value for divorced. The most frequent diagnosis was depressive episode 78.37%, followed by bipolar affective disorder 10.81%, paranoid schizophrenia 5.41% and the same percentage for other anxiety disorders. The most recurrent vital crisis was the couple relationship 45.95%, followed by problems related to labor, economic or legal aspects 16.22%, problems with some illness 10.81% and equal value for grief, family problems 5.41 %, no associated problem 10.81%. The mean number of suicide attempts was 1.86. 37.84% of the patients presented sexual abuse; 27.03% suffered from chronic disease; 2.70% had a family history of suicide; 16.22% had used substances; 32.42% had socio-family support. This work concludes that female sex, single marital status, diagnosis of depressive episode, couple conflicts, and sexual abuse are the most frequent risk factors in our locality. Keywords: suicide attempt, risk factor, lethality, adulthood
Suicide is a clearly identified public health problem that leads the main causes of death worldwide and in our environment it corresponds to one of the main psychiatric emergencies. Great efforts are continuously made to obtain an adequate assessment, prediction and prevention. The general objective of this research work is to determine the risk factors for suicide attempt in adult patients hospitalized in the psychiatry service of the Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Specialty Hospital. This degree work has a quantitative approach whose methodology will be observational, correlational, transversal and retrospective. Finding as results average age of 39.70 years, predominantly female 75.68%; single marital status 48.65%, followed by married 29.73%, free union 10.81% and the same value for divorced. The most frequent diagnosis was depressive episode 78.37%, followed by bipolar affective disorder 10.81%, paranoid schizophrenia 5.41% and the same percentage for other anxiety disorders. The most recurrent vital crisis was the couple relationship 45.95%, followed by problems related to labor, economic or legal aspects 16.22%, problems with some illness 10.81% and equal value for grief, family problems 5.41 %, no associated problem 10.81%. The mean number of suicide attempts was 1.86. 37.84% of the patients presented sexual abuse; 27.03% suffered from chronic disease; 2.70% had a family history of suicide; 16.22% had used substances; 32.42% had socio-family support. This work concludes that female sex, single marital status, diagnosis of depressive episode, couple conflicts, and sexual abuse are the most frequent risk factors in our locality. Keywords: suicide attempt, risk factor, lethality, adulthood
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Intento de suicidio, Adulto, Pacientes hospitalizados, Factores de riesgo, Estudio transversal, Estudios retrospectivos, Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador