Percepción de la imagen corporal en mujeres con mastectomía
Fecha
2022-05
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Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Carrera de Enfermería
Resumen
La imagen corporal es una representación mental del cuerpo, además incluye no solo la apariencia física, sino también tiene que ver con la percepción de los demás, a su vez puede estar influenciada por el estilo de vida y las experiencias. Objetivo: Determinar la percepción de la imagen corporal en mujeres con mastectomía. Métodos: La investigación cualitativa, fenomenológica e interpretativa, usando como técnica la entrevista por medio de un cuestionario estructurado que se aplicó a los informantes claves que fueron las mujeres con mastectomía. Resultados: La percepción de la imagen corporal de las féminas se centró en dos aspectos el impacto psicológico y la calidad de vida. El primero evidenció sentimientos de tristeza, inseguridad, vergüenza, incertidumbre, una falta de feminidad, incomodidad, de verse a sí misma como incompleta, lo que le produjo depresión, ansiedad y miedo. En el otro, se apreció que había una baja calidad de vida propiciada por la falta de autoestima, de sueño y pesadillas, pensamientos negativos, una desvalorización de sí misma, que la llevó a aislarse de las amistades, cambiar su estilo de ropa para ocultar que no tiene uno o ambos senos, a la falta de identidad sexual e intimidad, debido a sus creencias de pérdida de atractivo. Conclusiones: Es necesario que el personal de enfermería ofrezca apoyo emocional durante el proceso de recuperación y acompañamiento en el de reconstrucción de la imagen corporal para fomentar la autoestima y confianza en sí misma.
Body image is a mental representation of the body, it also includes not only physical appearance, but also has to do with the perception of others, in turn it can be influenced by lifestyle and experiences. Objective: To determine the perception of body image in women with mastectomy. Methods: Qualitative, phenomenological and interpretive research, using the interview technique through a structured questionnaire that was applied to the key informants who were women with mastectomy. Results: The perception of the body image of the females focused on two aspects: the psychological impact and the quality of life. Showing the first feelings of sadness, insecurity, shame, uncertainty, a lack of femininity, discomfort, of seeing herself as incomplete, which caused her depression, anxiety and fear. In the other, it was appreciated that there was a low quality of life caused by lack of self-esteem, sleep and nightmares, negative thoughts, a devaluation of herself, which led her to isolate herself from friends, change her style of clothing to hide that he does not have one or both breasts, to the lack of sexual identity and intimacy, due to his beliefs of loss of attractiveness. Conclusions: It is necessary for the nursing staff to offer emotional support during the recovery process and accompaniment in the reconstruction of body image to promote self-esteem and self-confidence.
Body image is a mental representation of the body, it also includes not only physical appearance, but also has to do with the perception of others, in turn it can be influenced by lifestyle and experiences. Objective: To determine the perception of body image in women with mastectomy. Methods: Qualitative, phenomenological and interpretive research, using the interview technique through a structured questionnaire that was applied to the key informants who were women with mastectomy. Results: The perception of the body image of the females focused on two aspects: the psychological impact and the quality of life. Showing the first feelings of sadness, insecurity, shame, uncertainty, a lack of femininity, discomfort, of seeing herself as incomplete, which caused her depression, anxiety and fear. In the other, it was appreciated that there was a low quality of life caused by lack of self-esteem, sleep and nightmares, negative thoughts, a devaluation of herself, which led her to isolate herself from friends, change her style of clothing to hide that he does not have one or both breasts, to the lack of sexual identity and intimacy, due to his beliefs of loss of attractiveness. Conclusions: It is necessary for the nursing staff to offer emotional support during the recovery process and accompaniment in the reconstruction of body image to promote self-esteem and self-confidence.
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IMAGEN CORPORAL, MASTECTOMÍA, CALIDAD DE VIDA, FEMINIDAD, DEPRESIÓN