Sellantes de fosas y fisuras como método de prevención de caries en primeros molares permanentes
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2022-09
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad Piloto de Odontología
Resumen
El desarrollo de los sellantes de fosas y fisuras ha cambiado la ideología en cuanto al
tratamiento que se basa en perforar y rellenar por una mejor visión de prevención de sellar y
curar. Las fisuras oclusales son invaginaciones profundas del esmalte que poseen diversas
formas. La caries dental desarrollada particularmente en fosas y fisuras representan del 80 % al
90 % del estado total de caries en la dentición permanente y aproximadamente del 44 % en
dentición decidua. Los sellantes actúan formando una barrera que impide la acumulación de
placa y bacterias en esta zona susceptible, impidiendo la formación de la caries dental. El
desconocimiento del profesional sobre el uso de sellantes ha tenido como efecto tratamientos
incompletos. El objetivo propuesto fue describir los sellantes de fosas y fisuras como método de
prevención de caries en primeros molares permanentes mediante una detallada revisión de
fundamentación científica. La metodología empleada fue de enfoque cualitativo con un diseño
exploratorio, descriptivo y explicativo; de revisión bibliográfica, ya que se recopiló información
de varias fuentes confiables con un método analítico-sintético e inductivo-deductivo, y de tipo
transversal retrospectivo sincrónico. De los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación, se destacó
que los primeros molares permanentes mandibulares son las piezas con una alta incidencia de caries y que el uso de los sellantes es ideal para protegerlos y conservarlos. Se llega a la
conclusión de que los sellantes de fosas y fisuras son un método de prevención efectivo en los
primeros molares permanentes disminuyendo la incidencia de caries
The development of pit and fissure sealants has changed the treatment ideology from drilling and filling to a better vision of prevention than sealing and healing. Occlusal fissures are deep invaginations of the enamel that have various shapes. Dental caries developed particularly in pits and fissures account for 80 % to 90 % of the total caries status in permanent dentition and approximately 44% in deciduous dentition. Sealants act by forming a barrier that prevents the accumulation of plaque and bacteria in this susceptible area, preventing the formation of dental caries. The professional's lack of knowledge about the use of sealants has resulted in incomplete treatments. The proposed objective was to describe pit and fissure sealants as a method of caries prevention in permanent first molars by means of a detailed review of the scientific basis. The methodology used was qualitative with an exploratory, descriptive and explanatory design; of bibliographic review, since information was collected from several reliable sources with an analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive method, and of a retrospective cross-sectional synchronic type. From the results obtained in this investigation, it was highlighted that the mandibular first permanent molars are the pieces with a high incidence of caries and that the use of sealants is ideal to protect and preserve them. It is concluded that pit and fissure sealants are an effective prevention method in the first permanent molars, reducing the incidence of caries.
The development of pit and fissure sealants has changed the treatment ideology from drilling and filling to a better vision of prevention than sealing and healing. Occlusal fissures are deep invaginations of the enamel that have various shapes. Dental caries developed particularly in pits and fissures account for 80 % to 90 % of the total caries status in permanent dentition and approximately 44% in deciduous dentition. Sealants act by forming a barrier that prevents the accumulation of plaque and bacteria in this susceptible area, preventing the formation of dental caries. The professional's lack of knowledge about the use of sealants has resulted in incomplete treatments. The proposed objective was to describe pit and fissure sealants as a method of caries prevention in permanent first molars by means of a detailed review of the scientific basis. The methodology used was qualitative with an exploratory, descriptive and explanatory design; of bibliographic review, since information was collected from several reliable sources with an analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive method, and of a retrospective cross-sectional synchronic type. From the results obtained in this investigation, it was highlighted that the mandibular first permanent molars are the pieces with a high incidence of caries and that the use of sealants is ideal to protect and preserve them. It is concluded that pit and fissure sealants are an effective prevention method in the first permanent molars, reducing the incidence of caries.
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Palabras clave
CARIES DENTALES, PREVENCION, DENTICION PERMANENTE