Impacto de los agroquímicos sobre la comunidad de anuros en un agroecosistema del Chocó Ecuatoriano
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2022
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
La creciente expansión agrícola es una de las principales causas del declive de los anuros, debido a que generan cambios estructurales en la conectividad de los bosques y se reducen significativamente sus áreas de distribución geográfica. Esto ha obligado a muchas especies a adaptarse a ambientes como agroecosistemas; sin embargo, el uso de agroquímicos representa un riesgo potencial a las comunidades de anuros que allí habitan. Durante años se ha promovido la agricultura orgánica como una alternativa a la agricultura convencional que podría favorecer la conservación de la fauna. La presente investigación pretende evaluar si la agricultura orgánica favorece la conservación de anfibios. Se realizaron muestreos durante la época lluviosa (mayo) y seca (agosto) del 2022, a través de transectos de 100 m de largo por 4 m de ancho, situados en cultivos de plátano barraganete (Musa x paradisiaca) de tipo orgánico (Sin uso de agroquímicos) y convencional, en adición se tomó un remanente de bosque húmedo tropical como control. Se registraron 152 individuos pertenecientes a 18 especies y 6 familias. En cuanto a la diversidad, el área del control presentó valores normales, mientras que los cultivos convencionales, tuvieron valores por debajo del promedio. En relación al impacto de los agroquímicos sobre la comunidad de anuros no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las parcelas de cultivo orgánico y de cultivo convencional.
The growing agricultural expansion is one of the main causes of the decline of the anurans, due to the fact that structural changes in the connectivity of the forests are generated and their geographical distribution areas are significantly reduced. This has forced many species to adapt to environments such as agroecosystems; however, the use of agrochemicals represents a potential risk for the anuran communities that live there. Organic agriculture has been promoted for years as an alternative to conventional agriculture that could favor the conservation of fauna. This research aims to assess whether organic agriculture favors the conservation of amphibians. The samplings were carried out during the rainy (May) and dry (August) seasons of 2022, through transects 100 m long by 4 m wide, located in barraganete plantain crops (Musa x paradisiaca) of the organic type (without use of agrochemicals) and conventional. In addition, a remnant of tropical humid forest was taken as a control. 152 individuals belonging to 18 species and 6 families were recorded. Regarding diversity, the control area presented normal values, while the conventional crops had values below the average. In relation to the impact of agrochemicals on the anuran community, no significant differences were found between the plots of organic farming and those of conventional farming.
The growing agricultural expansion is one of the main causes of the decline of the anurans, due to the fact that structural changes in the connectivity of the forests are generated and their geographical distribution areas are significantly reduced. This has forced many species to adapt to environments such as agroecosystems; however, the use of agrochemicals represents a potential risk for the anuran communities that live there. Organic agriculture has been promoted for years as an alternative to conventional agriculture that could favor the conservation of fauna. This research aims to assess whether organic agriculture favors the conservation of amphibians. The samplings were carried out during the rainy (May) and dry (August) seasons of 2022, through transects 100 m long by 4 m wide, located in barraganete plantain crops (Musa x paradisiaca) of the organic type (without use of agrochemicals) and conventional. In addition, a remnant of tropical humid forest was taken as a control. 152 individuals belonging to 18 species and 6 families were recorded. Regarding diversity, the control area presented normal values, while the conventional crops had values below the average. In relation to the impact of agrochemicals on the anuran community, no significant differences were found between the plots of organic farming and those of conventional farming.
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DECLIVE DE ANUROS, DISTRIBUCIÓN, AGROECOSISTEMAS, DIVERSIDAD, AGROQUÍMICOS