Mortalidad de la fauna silvestre de vertebrados por atropellamiento vehicular en la carretera vía la costa E40 (Progreso-Santa Elena)
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2022
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
El presente trabajo evaluó la mortalidad de la fauna silvestre por atropellamiento vehicular en la carretera vía la costa E40 (Progreso -Santa Elena). Se muestreó desde julio del 2021 hasta junio del 2022, durante 34 salidas realizadas en un vehículo a una velocidad de 40 a 60 km/h. Se identificaron y georreferenciaron los animales atropellados hallados en la vía. Para establecer si hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos taxonómicos y entre los hábitos, se realizó una prueba no paramétrica de Kruskal Wallis. Adicionalmente, se calculó la tasa de atropellamiento y se determinó los puntos de alta incidencia por medio de heatmaps (mapas de calor). Se identificaron 284 individuos de vertebrados silvestres, correspondientes a 41 especies, distribuidas en 28 familias y 17 ordenes; las especies mayormente afectadas fueron Didelphis marsupialis, Tyto alba, Crotophaga sulcirostris, Iguana iguana, Crotophaga ani,yBoa imperator. Se hallaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos taxonómico y hábitos (p< 0.01)y la tasa de atropellamiento fue 0,186 ind/km/día. Se registraron 15 puntos de calor con alta incidencia de atropellamiento, en los cuales no existían letreros pictográficos o reductores de velocidad. En conclusión, el tramo muestreado sí afecta a la fauna silvestre, por lo que se recomienda medidas de mitigación para reducir los atropellamientos.
The present work evaluated the mortality of wildlife due to being run over by vehicles on the highway via the coast E40 (Progreso -Santa Elena). It was sampled from July 2021 to June 2022, during 34 outings carried out in a vehicle at a speed of 40 to 60 km/h. The run over animals found on the road were identified and georeferenced. To establish whether there were significant differences between taxonomic groups and between habits, a non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test was performed. Additionally, the run over rate was calculated and the points of high incidence were determined by means of heatmaps. 284 individuals of wild vertebrates were identified, corresponding to 41 species, distributed in 28 families and 17 orders; the most affected species were Didelphis marsupialis, Tyto alba, Crotophaga sulcirostris, Iguana iguana, Crotophaga ani,and Boa imperator. Significant differences were found between the taxonomic groups and habits (p< 0.01) and the run over rate was 0.186 ind/km/day. 15 hot spots with a high incidence of being run over were recorded, in which there were no pictographic signs or speed bumps.In conclusion, the sampled section does affect wildlife, so mitigation measures are recommended to reduce run overs.
The present work evaluated the mortality of wildlife due to being run over by vehicles on the highway via the coast E40 (Progreso -Santa Elena). It was sampled from July 2021 to June 2022, during 34 outings carried out in a vehicle at a speed of 40 to 60 km/h. The run over animals found on the road were identified and georeferenced. To establish whether there were significant differences between taxonomic groups and between habits, a non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test was performed. Additionally, the run over rate was calculated and the points of high incidence were determined by means of heatmaps. 284 individuals of wild vertebrates were identified, corresponding to 41 species, distributed in 28 families and 17 orders; the most affected species were Didelphis marsupialis, Tyto alba, Crotophaga sulcirostris, Iguana iguana, Crotophaga ani,and Boa imperator. Significant differences were found between the taxonomic groups and habits (p< 0.01) and the run over rate was 0.186 ind/km/day. 15 hot spots with a high incidence of being run over were recorded, in which there were no pictographic signs or speed bumps.In conclusion, the sampled section does affect wildlife, so mitigation measures are recommended to reduce run overs.
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DIDELPHIS MARSUPIALIS, BOA IMPERATOR, MAPAS DE CALOR, MITIGACIÓN, TYTO ALBA