Estudio fitoquímico y farmacognóstico del extracto hidroalcohólico de la pulpa de la Pitahaya amarilla (Hylocereus megalanthus)
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2022
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
Resumen
La Pitahaya (Hylocereus megalanthus) inicialmente atrajo a los investigadores que buscaban colorantes naturales de calidad alimentaria por sus llamativos pigmentos de color (betalínas), sin embargo, las investigaciones establecieron que la pulpa, la cáscara y la semilla de la pitahaya contienen carbohidratos, fitoalbúmina, biopéptidos, vitaminas, fenoles y minerales potencialmente beneficiosos. Actualmente esta fruta en Vietnam, Tailandia, Malasia, Sri Lanka, China, India, México, Estados Unidos, la región del Caribe, Australia, Brasil, e Israel y también en muchos otros países en una pequeña escala. En el Ecuador se puede encontrar en Morona Santiago y en otras provincias como Manabí, Santa Elena, etc.
Este fruto posee metabolitos activos y su actividad biológica, así como el contenido fenólico total contenido, flavonoides, fitoesteroles y actividad antioxidante. Algunos científicos han señalado su alto contenido de fibra, así como los contenidos significativos de calcio, potasio y hierro. Nuestro estudio se basó en complementar y corroborar el aporte nutricional de este fruto en la dieta ecuatoriana. Los ensayos fitoquímicos permitieron determinar la presencia de alcaloides, saponinas, polifenoles y flavonoides y la ausencia de taninos en la especie estudiada. A través de la investigación también se determinó que las betacianinas y escualeno son dos componentes importantes en el fruto. El aminoácido presente fue la L – cistina a la cual se le atribuye su actividad antioxidante y el contenido de fenoles y flavonoides de igual manera contribuye a la actividad antioxidante que posee el fruto, mientras que la presencia de alcaloides a la actividad antiinflamatoria.
Pitahaya (Hylocereus megalanthus) initially attracted researchers looking for natural food-grade dyes for its striking color pigments (betalins), however, investigations revealed that pitahaya pulp, skin, and seed contain carbohydrates, phytoalbumin, biopeptides, vitamins, phenols and potentially beneficial minerals. Currently this fruit in Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, China, India, Mexico, the United States, the Caribbean region, Australia, Brazil, and Israel and also in many other countries on a small scale. In Ecuador it can be found in Morona Santiago and in other provinces such as Manabí, Santa Elena, etc. This fruit has active metabolites and their biological activity, as well as the total phenolic content, flavonoids, phytosterols and antioxidant activity. Some scientists have pointed to its high fiber content, as well as significant calcium, potassium, and iron content. Our study was based on complementing and corroborating the nutritional contribution of this fruit in the Ecuadorian diet. Phytochemical tests allowed to determine the presence of alkaloids, saponins, polyphenols and flavonoids and the absence of tannins in the studied species. Through the investigation it was also expanded that betacyanins and squalene are two important components in the fruit. The amino acid present was L-cystine, to which its antioxidant activity is attributed, and the content of phenols and flavonoids likewise contributes to the antioxidant activity of the fruit, while the presence of alkaloids contributes to anti-inflammatory activity.
Pitahaya (Hylocereus megalanthus) initially attracted researchers looking for natural food-grade dyes for its striking color pigments (betalins), however, investigations revealed that pitahaya pulp, skin, and seed contain carbohydrates, phytoalbumin, biopeptides, vitamins, phenols and potentially beneficial minerals. Currently this fruit in Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, China, India, Mexico, the United States, the Caribbean region, Australia, Brazil, and Israel and also in many other countries on a small scale. In Ecuador it can be found in Morona Santiago and in other provinces such as Manabí, Santa Elena, etc. This fruit has active metabolites and their biological activity, as well as the total phenolic content, flavonoids, phytosterols and antioxidant activity. Some scientists have pointed to its high fiber content, as well as significant calcium, potassium, and iron content. Our study was based on complementing and corroborating the nutritional contribution of this fruit in the Ecuadorian diet. Phytochemical tests allowed to determine the presence of alkaloids, saponins, polyphenols and flavonoids and the absence of tannins in the studied species. Through the investigation it was also expanded that betacyanins and squalene are two important components in the fruit. The amino acid present was L-cystine, to which its antioxidant activity is attributed, and the content of phenols and flavonoids likewise contributes to the antioxidant activity of the fruit, while the presence of alkaloids contributes to anti-inflammatory activity.
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HYLOCEREUS MEGALANTHUS (PITAHAYA), SCREENING FITOQUÍMICO, FENOLES TOTALES, FLAVONOIDES