Correlación entre Hipoacusia Neurosensorial y Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 en pacientes de 30 - 80 años en la Consulta de Otorrinolaringología del Hospital Básico de Durán
Fecha
2022
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
La Diabetes Mellitus tiene una incidencia cada vez mayor en nuestro medio, además de representar un problema de salud dado que en los últimos años ha aumentado su frecuencia, relacionando a este hecho con el incremento de las tasas de morbilidad, mortalidad, complicaciones y discapacidad resultantes de un manejo inadecuado de la misma.
En el año 2021, según la Organización Panamericana de la Salud existían más de 422 millones de personas con diagnóstico de Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 en el mundo; 62 millones residían en las Américas y en Ecuador, se consideró que uno de cada 10 ecuatorianos entre 50 y 59 años tenía un diagnóstico confirmado.
La hipoacusia neurosensorial es una patología que no afecta a un solo rango etario, pero que posee una frecuencia mayor en adultos mayores, provocando alteraciones de rango variable en la vida de los pacientes. La etiología es variada, pero en un 50 % se relaciona con patologías adquiridas, y el otro 50% con causas congénitas.
Se caracteriza por la afectación del oído interno, resultante de infecciones, hipoxia, parto prematuro, hiperbilirrubinemia, traumas, tumores, uso de fármacos ototóxicos, enfermedades autoinmunes y en estudios más recientes con la Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 debido a las alteraciones a nivel macro y microvascular.
Se considera que los pacientes diabéticos presentan pérdida auditiva en frecuencias más altas, además que el mal control de su enfermedad estaría relacionado con un grado de hipoacusia severo en edades más tempranas, lo cual repercute en su calidad de vida y percepción social.
Esta complicación secundaria de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 es una de las menos estudiadas y atendidas por parte del personal de salud y consecuentemente desconocida para los pacientes. Esto se traduce en un diagnóstico tardío, lo que repercutirá en la calidad de vida del paciente.
El estudio permitirá conocer el grado de hipoacusia de los pacientes y si se está realizando un correcto control de la patología de base, además permitirá
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tener un mejor paradigma de la enfermedad y poder realizar de manera temprana exámenes diagnósticos y evitar que afecte de manera significativa su calidad de vida.
Diabetes Mellitus has an increasing incidence in our environment, in addition to representing a health problem given that in recent years its frequency has increased, relating this fact to the increase in rates of morbidity, mortality, complications and resulting disability. of improper handling. In 2021, according to the Pan American Health Organization, there were more than 422 million people diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the world; 62 million resided in the Americas and in Ecuador, one in 10 Ecuadorians between the ages of 50 and 59 was considered to have a confirmed diagnosis. Sensorineural hearing loss is a pathology that does not affect a single age range, but has a higher frequency in older adults, causing alterations of variable range in the lives of patients. The etiology is varied, but 50% is related to acquired pathologies, and the other 50% to congenital causes. It is characterized by the involvement of the inner ear, resulting from infections, hypoxia, premature birth, hyperbilirubinemia, traumas, tumors, use of ototoxic drugs, autoimmune diseases and in more recent studies with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus due to alterations at the macro and microvessel. It is considered that diabetic patients have hearing loss at higher frequencies, in addition to poor control of their disease would be related to a degree of severe hearing loss at earlier ages, which affects their quality of life and social perception. This secondary complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the least studied and attended by health personnel and consequently unknown to patients. This translates into a late diagnosis, which will affect the patient's quality of life. The study will allow to know the degree of hearing loss of the patients and if a correct control of the basic pathology is being carried out, it will also allow to have a better paradigm of the disease and to be able to carry out diagnostic tests early and prevent it from significantly affecting their quality of life.
Diabetes Mellitus has an increasing incidence in our environment, in addition to representing a health problem given that in recent years its frequency has increased, relating this fact to the increase in rates of morbidity, mortality, complications and resulting disability. of improper handling. In 2021, according to the Pan American Health Organization, there were more than 422 million people diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the world; 62 million resided in the Americas and in Ecuador, one in 10 Ecuadorians between the ages of 50 and 59 was considered to have a confirmed diagnosis. Sensorineural hearing loss is a pathology that does not affect a single age range, but has a higher frequency in older adults, causing alterations of variable range in the lives of patients. The etiology is varied, but 50% is related to acquired pathologies, and the other 50% to congenital causes. It is characterized by the involvement of the inner ear, resulting from infections, hypoxia, premature birth, hyperbilirubinemia, traumas, tumors, use of ototoxic drugs, autoimmune diseases and in more recent studies with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus due to alterations at the macro and microvessel. It is considered that diabetic patients have hearing loss at higher frequencies, in addition to poor control of their disease would be related to a degree of severe hearing loss at earlier ages, which affects their quality of life and social perception. This secondary complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the least studied and attended by health personnel and consequently unknown to patients. This translates into a late diagnosis, which will affect the patient's quality of life. The study will allow to know the degree of hearing loss of the patients and if a correct control of the basic pathology is being carried out, it will also allow to have a better paradigm of the disease and to be able to carry out diagnostic tests early and prevent it from significantly affecting their quality of life.
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Diabetes mellitus, Mortalidad, Calidad de vida, Hospital Básico de Durán, Cantón Durán, Ecuador