Factores de riesgo asociados a las infecciones por rotavirus en niños menores de 5 años
Fecha
2022
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
La gastroenteritis aguda sigue siendo una de los motivos de consulta más frecuentes en el área
pediátrica, su etiología es variada, dentro de los agentes virales el principal responsable es el rotavirus, capaz de producir síntomas severos y por ende complicaciones como la deshidratación, por tanto, es considerado aun un problema de salud pública en los países en desarrollo. La implementación de las vacunas aprobadas por la OMS es una de los mecanismos de prevención contra esta infección. OBJETIVO: Establecer la incidencia y los factores de riesgo de infección por rotavirus en niños menores de 5 años atendidos en el Hospital Francisco Icaza Bustamante, en el periodo comprendido entre 2016 a 2021. METODOLOGIA se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo transversal no experimental, la muestra se obtuvo a partir de los casos confirmados para rotavirus mediante prueba de laboratorio. RESULTADOS: de los 1500 pacientes diagnosticados con rotavirus, 107 pacientes contrajeron la infección por rotavirus obteniéndose una frecuencia de 7,1 %, el grupo etareo con mayor afectación fue el femenino, la edad de presentación entre el primer y 5 años de vida, a pesar de ser alimentando con lactancia materna exclusiva
existió una alta tasa de enfermedad. CONCLUSIONES: A pesar de existir varias medidas de prevención para la infección contra rotavirus los niños siguen contrayendo la enfermedad, por tanto, es importante identificar qué factores dentro de su alimentación, vacunación etc. estan implicados en que esta enfermedad siga siendo prevalente en nuestro medio.
Acute gastroenteritis continues to be one of the most frequent reasons for consultation in the area pediatric, its etiology is varied, within the viral agents the main culprit is rotavirus, capable of producing severe symptoms and therefore complications such as dehydration, therefore, it is still considered a public health problem in developing countries. The implementation of WHO-approved vaccines is one of the prevention mechanisms against this infection. OBJECTIVE: To establish the incidence and risk factors of rotavirus infection in children under 5 years of age treated at the Francisco Icaza Bustamante Hospital, in the period between 2016 and 2021. METHODOLOGY A retrospective, descriptive, non-experimental cross-sectional study was carried out. sample was obtained from confirmed cases for rotavirus by laboratory test. RESULTS: of the 1500 patients diagnosed with rotavirus, 107 patients contracted the rotavirus infection, obtaining a frequency of 7.1%, the age group with the greatest affectation was female, the age of presentation between the first and 5 years of life, despite being exclusively breastfed there was a high disease rate. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the existence of several prevention measures for rotavirus infection, children continue to contract the disease, therefore, it is important to identify which factors within their diet, vaccination, etc. are implicated in the fact that this disease continues to be prevalent in our environment.
Acute gastroenteritis continues to be one of the most frequent reasons for consultation in the area pediatric, its etiology is varied, within the viral agents the main culprit is rotavirus, capable of producing severe symptoms and therefore complications such as dehydration, therefore, it is still considered a public health problem in developing countries. The implementation of WHO-approved vaccines is one of the prevention mechanisms against this infection. OBJECTIVE: To establish the incidence and risk factors of rotavirus infection in children under 5 years of age treated at the Francisco Icaza Bustamante Hospital, in the period between 2016 and 2021. METHODOLOGY A retrospective, descriptive, non-experimental cross-sectional study was carried out. sample was obtained from confirmed cases for rotavirus by laboratory test. RESULTS: of the 1500 patients diagnosed with rotavirus, 107 patients contracted the rotavirus infection, obtaining a frequency of 7.1%, the age group with the greatest affectation was female, the age of presentation between the first and 5 years of life, despite being exclusively breastfed there was a high disease rate. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the existence of several prevention measures for rotavirus infection, children continue to contract the disease, therefore, it is important to identify which factors within their diet, vaccination, etc. are implicated in the fact that this disease continues to be prevalent in our environment.
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Factores de riesgo, Infecciones por rotavirus, Pediatría, Gastroenteritis, Estudios retrospectivos, Epidemiología descriptiva, Hospital del Niño Francisco de Icaza Bustamante, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador