Relación entre ablactación precoz y el desarrollo de eccema atópico en población pediátrica
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2022
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
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El presente trabajó busco demostrar si existía una relación entre la ablactación precoz y el desarrollo de eccema atópico. La dermatitis o eccema atópico es una enfermedad inflamatoria cutánea crónica y recurrente de la infancia que suele ser la primera manifestación clínica de enfermedades atópicas, cuyo origen se refleja por medio de IgE. La lactancia materna exclusiva es recomendada hasta los 6 meses por la OMS, debido a su papel en el desarrollo inmunológico de los niños previniendo múltiples enfermedades, sin embargo, existen pocos estudios sobre el papel de la leche materna para la prevención del eccema atópico. Objetivo: Identificar si existe causalidad entre la ablactación precoz y la dermatitis atópica en el Hospital “Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante”, periodo Enero 2016- Diciembre 2021. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, analítico y retrospectivo, nivel relacional de casos y controles. Resultados: Se incluyeron 100 pacientes, el grupo etario más frecuentemente afectado < 2 años (35%), el tiempo de lactancia materna exclusiva fue mayoritariamente de 6-12 meses (48%), el primer alimento introducido en ablactación la leche de fórmula o de vaca (38%), el rango de edad en el que más comúnmente el niño era diagnosticado es en < 2 años (64%), y dentro de nuestro grupo de estudio, lo más común era de que no padecieran de comorbilidades alérgicas (67%) seguido por el asma (18%). Conclusión: No se establece una clara relación de causalidad entre la lactancia materna exclusiva por menos de 6 meses y el desarrollo de dermatitis o eccema atópico, debido a que tanto aquellos que recibieron leche materna exclusivamente por 6-12 meses y por < 6 meses presentan valores estadísticos muy cercanos.
The present work sought to demonstrate if there is a relationship between early weaning and the development of atopic eczema. Atopic dermatitis or eczema is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory skin disease of childhood that is usually the first clinical manifestation of atopic diseases, whose origin is reflected by IgE. Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended up to 6 months by the OMS, due to its role in the immune development of children, preventing multiple diseases, having been described its role in certain atopies, however, there are few studies on the role of breast milk to prevention of atopic eczema. Objective: To identify if there is causality between early weaning and atopic dermatitis in patients treated at the Hospital del Niño “Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante”, in the period January 2016- December 2021. Methodology: Qualitative, descriptive, analytical and retrospective study, relational level of cases and controls. Results: 100 patients with a diagnosis of atopic dermatitis were included, the most frequently affected age group being < 2 years (35%), the time of exclusive breastfeeding was mostly 6-12 months (48%), being the first food introduced in weaning formula or cow's milk (38%), the age range in which the child was most commonly diagnosed was < 2 years (64%), and within our study group, the most common was that they did not suffer from allergic comorbidities (67%) followed by asthma (18%). Conclusion: A clear causal relationship between exclusive breastfeeding for less than 6 months and the development of atopic dermatitis or eczema is not established since both those who received exclusive breast milk for 6-12 months and for <6 months have very close statistical values.
The present work sought to demonstrate if there is a relationship between early weaning and the development of atopic eczema. Atopic dermatitis or eczema is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory skin disease of childhood that is usually the first clinical manifestation of atopic diseases, whose origin is reflected by IgE. Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended up to 6 months by the OMS, due to its role in the immune development of children, preventing multiple diseases, having been described its role in certain atopies, however, there are few studies on the role of breast milk to prevention of atopic eczema. Objective: To identify if there is causality between early weaning and atopic dermatitis in patients treated at the Hospital del Niño “Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante”, in the period January 2016- December 2021. Methodology: Qualitative, descriptive, analytical and retrospective study, relational level of cases and controls. Results: 100 patients with a diagnosis of atopic dermatitis were included, the most frequently affected age group being < 2 years (35%), the time of exclusive breastfeeding was mostly 6-12 months (48%), being the first food introduced in weaning formula or cow's milk (38%), the age range in which the child was most commonly diagnosed was < 2 years (64%), and within our study group, the most common was that they did not suffer from allergic comorbidities (67%) followed by asthma (18%). Conclusion: A clear causal relationship between exclusive breastfeeding for less than 6 months and the development of atopic dermatitis or eczema is not established since both those who received exclusive breast milk for 6-12 months and for <6 months have very close statistical values.
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PEDIATRIA, ECCEMA ATOPICO, NIÑO, EPIDEMIOLOGIA DESCRIPTIVA, ESTUDIOS RETROSPECTIVOS, HOSPITAL DEL NIÑO FRANCISCO DE ICAZA BUSTAMANTE, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR