Enfermedad pélvica inflamatoria como causa de embarazo ectópicos en mujeres nulíparas
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2022
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
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INTRODUCCION: La enfermedad pélvica inflamatoria (EPI) es un síndrome clínico que se caracteriza por la inflamación del tracto genital superior femenino, esta enfermedad puede afectar el útero, trompas de Falopio, los ovarios e inclusive el peritoneo. El mecanismo de infección es ascendente, se propaga desde el tracto genital inferior. En su mayoría la EPI se encuentra relacionada con una Infección de transmisión sexual
MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de tipo observacional, no experimental, descriptivo, de corte trasversal y retrospectivo, la población considerada en este estudio fue de 227 con una muestra de 143 pacientes con diagnóstico de Enfermedad pélvica inflamatoria, esta muestra se calculó aplicando un nivel de confianza del 95% con un margen de error del 0.05.
RESULTADOS: Entre los datos demográficos la edad promedio fue de 31,6 (+ 5.2) predominó el grupo etario entre 31 y 40 años, el 12% manifestó usar tabaco antes del embarazo, y el 36% era nulípara, el 53% tenía antecedente de cesárea y 27% de aborto. El 55% presentó al menos una ITS, y el 21% historia de endometriosis. El 37% de las usuarias tuvo embarazo ectópico con predominio en las edades 31 a 40 años y de localización tubárica. Mediante prueba de chi cuadrado (valor p 0.01) existe relación estadísticamente significativa entre el embarazo ectópico en mujeres con EPI y mayores de 30 años, y con la característica de ser nulíparas.
CONCLUSIONES: Los factores de riesgo de mayor importancia recalcados en este grupo fue el sobrepeso, obesidad, antecedente de cirugía previa, nuliparidad. Las Infecciones de transmisión sexual se encuentran asociadas con el desarrollo de una EPI y embarazo ectópico. Existe relación estadísticamente significativa entre Embarazo ectópico y mujeres mayores de 30 años.
Palabras claves: Enfermedad Inflamatoria pélvica, Embarazo ectópico, nuliparidad
INTRODUCTION: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a clinical syndrome characterized by inflammation of the upper female genital tract, this disease can affect the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries and even the peritoneum. The mechanism of infection is ascending, spreading from the lower genital tract. Most PID is related to a sexually transmitted infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational, non-experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study. The population considered in this study was 227 with a sample of 143 patients diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease. This sample was calculated by applying a level of confidence of 95% with a margin of error of 0.05. RESULTS: Among the demographic data, the average age was 31.6 (+ 5.2), the age group between 31 and 40 years prevailed, 12% reported using tobacco before pregnancy, and 36% were nulliparous, 53% had a history caesarean section and 27% abortion. 55% had at least one STI, and 21% had a history of endometriosis. 37% of the users had an ectopic pregnancy with predominance in the ages of 31 to 40 years and tubal location. Using the chi square test (p value 0.01) there is a statistically significant relationship between ectopic pregnancy in women with PID and older than 30 years, and with the characteristic of being nulliparous. CONCLUSIONS: The most important risk factors highlighted in this group were overweight, obesity, history of previous surgery, nulliparity. Sexually transmitted infections are associated with the development of PID and ectopic pregnancy. There is a statistically significant relationship between ectopic pregnancy and women over 30 years of age.
INTRODUCTION: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a clinical syndrome characterized by inflammation of the upper female genital tract, this disease can affect the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries and even the peritoneum. The mechanism of infection is ascending, spreading from the lower genital tract. Most PID is related to a sexually transmitted infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational, non-experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study. The population considered in this study was 227 with a sample of 143 patients diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease. This sample was calculated by applying a level of confidence of 95% with a margin of error of 0.05. RESULTS: Among the demographic data, the average age was 31.6 (+ 5.2), the age group between 31 and 40 years prevailed, 12% reported using tobacco before pregnancy, and 36% were nulliparous, 53% had a history caesarean section and 27% abortion. 55% had at least one STI, and 21% had a history of endometriosis. 37% of the users had an ectopic pregnancy with predominance in the ages of 31 to 40 years and tubal location. Using the chi square test (p value 0.01) there is a statistically significant relationship between ectopic pregnancy in women with PID and older than 30 years, and with the characteristic of being nulliparous. CONCLUSIONS: The most important risk factors highlighted in this group were overweight, obesity, history of previous surgery, nulliparity. Sexually transmitted infections are associated with the development of PID and ectopic pregnancy. There is a statistically significant relationship between ectopic pregnancy and women over 30 years of age.
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Embarazo ectópico, Paridad, Factores de riesgo, Transmisión sexual, Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador