Complicaciones mediatas e inmediatas por craneotomía postquirúrgica realizada en el Hospital Guayaquil. Período 2018 - 2020
Fecha
2021
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
La craneotomía es la reparación quirúrgica de las deformidades del cráneo y consiste en extraer temporal o permanentemente el cráneo para liberar la presión interna en caso o proceso patológico de edema cerebral. Como objetivo identificar las complicaciones mediatas e inmediatas por craneotomía postquirúrgica en pacientes hospitalizados en el Hospital Guayaquil durante el periodo 2018 -2020. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y analítico basado en la revisión de la Base de Egresos Hospitalarios 2018 – 2020, se realizó en un período específico de tiempo. Teniendo como resultados complicaciones inmediatas fueron resueltas con la colocación de drenajes pasivos y se realizaron cambios de apósitos y tardías como hematomas donde se incluyen hematomas epidurales, subdurales e intracraneales en un 13%, infecciones de área quirúrgica en un 5% de estos casos, exposición del material de craneotomía en un 3% donde la piel tuvo una mala adherencia al material implantado, fractura del colgajo óseo en un 3%, rechazo del material en un 2% en el cual hubo tejido inflamatorio que no asintió buena adherencia y posterior recuperación, convulsiones asociadas a estos casos se observaron en un 3%, y 71% del restante de los casos se observaron complicaciones tempranas, como fiebre, hemorragias, infecciones. Dando como conclusiones que se estableció que durante el tiempo de estudio el predomino el sexo masculino a quien se le realizó craneotomía es afín en otros estudios mencionados, el resultado concluye que los pacientes con antecedentes previos como epilepsia y convulsiones, accidentes cerebro vasculares, tienen relación de presentar complicaciones luego de ser intervenidos quirúrgicamente con la técnica de craneotomía.
Craniotomy is the surgical repair of skull deformities and consists of temporarily or permanently removing the skull to release internal pressure in the event or pathological process of cerebral edema. The objective of identifying the mediate and immediate complications due to postsurgical craniotomy in hospitalized patients at the Guayaquil Hospital during the 2018 -2020 period. A descriptive, retrospective and analytical study was carried out based on the review of the Hospital Discharge Base 2018-2020, it was carried out in a specific period of time. As a result, immediate complications were resolved with the placement of passive drains and dressing changes and delayed changes such as hematomas were included, including epidural, subdural and intracranial hematomas in 13%, surgical area infections in 5% of these cases, exposure of craniotomy material in 3% where the skin had poor adherence to the implanted material, bone flap fracture in 3%, material rejection in 2% in which there was inflammatory tissue that did not adhere to good adherence and subsequent recovery, Seizures associated with these cases were observed in 3%, and 71% of the remaining cases were observed early complications, such as fever, bleeding, infections. Giving as conclusions that it was established that during the study time the male sex who underwent craniotomy is similar in other studies mentioned, the result concludes that patients with a previous history such as epilepsy and seizures, cerebrovascular accidents, are related of presenting complications after undergoing surgery with the craniotomy technique
Craniotomy is the surgical repair of skull deformities and consists of temporarily or permanently removing the skull to release internal pressure in the event or pathological process of cerebral edema. The objective of identifying the mediate and immediate complications due to postsurgical craniotomy in hospitalized patients at the Guayaquil Hospital during the 2018 -2020 period. A descriptive, retrospective and analytical study was carried out based on the review of the Hospital Discharge Base 2018-2020, it was carried out in a specific period of time. As a result, immediate complications were resolved with the placement of passive drains and dressing changes and delayed changes such as hematomas were included, including epidural, subdural and intracranial hematomas in 13%, surgical area infections in 5% of these cases, exposure of craniotomy material in 3% where the skin had poor adherence to the implanted material, bone flap fracture in 3%, material rejection in 2% in which there was inflammatory tissue that did not adhere to good adherence and subsequent recovery, Seizures associated with these cases were observed in 3%, and 71% of the remaining cases were observed early complications, such as fever, bleeding, infections. Giving as conclusions that it was established that during the study time the male sex who underwent craniotomy is similar in other studies mentioned, the result concludes that patients with a previous history such as epilepsy and seizures, cerebrovascular accidents, are related of presenting complications after undergoing surgery with the craniotomy technique
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CRANEOTOMIA, PERIODO POSOPERATORIO, COMPLICACIONES, PACIENTES HOSPITALIZADOS, ESTUDIOS RETROSPECTIVOS, EPIDEMIOLOGIA DESCRIPTIVA, HOSPITAL DE ESPECIALIDADES GUAYAQUIL DR. ABEL GILBERT PONTON, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR