Manejo de urgencia de fractura mandibular en el primer nivel de atención de salud
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2023-03
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad Piloto de Odontología
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La atención de las fracturas mandibulares en un primer nivel de atención de salud donde no se dispone del equipamiento y los recursos necesarios para brindar una atención especializada, va encaminada a la importancia que tiene el odontólogo de estar capacitado frente a una situación de trauma maxilofacial y saber identificar clínicamente el grado de traumatismo, el compromiso sistémico, y a su vez orientar al paciente de manera eficiente. Objetivo: conocer las complicaciones que pueden presentarse después del trauma como pueden ser: la obstrucción de las vías respiratorias, hemorragia, trastornos neurológicos y los desplazamientos óseos. También conocer la terapéutica a utilizar cuando el paciente llega a un primer nivel de atención, esta terapéutica va a depender de las complicaciones que se presenten después del trauma, como puede ser el uso de los AINES para disminuir el dolor, la antibioticoterapia para prevenir las infecciones, el uso del bloqueo anestésico para poder fijar una fractura de manera manual y, el uso de vendaje funcional para mantener la relación céntrica. Metodología: se dispuso una investigación de tipo cualitativo, sistemática, retrospectivo, además de analítico corte transversal de libros, revistas y el uso de buscadores como: Google académico, Pub-Med, Scielo, ELSEVIER, medigraphic, entre otros. Donde se le dio prioridad la información más actualizada. Conclusiones: Realizar una correcta evaluación al paciente, reconocer las complicaciones, así como los medios de diagnóstico imagenológico llevaran a realizar una buena terapéutica y le permitirá al paciente llegar en mejores condiciones a un centro de atención de segundo o tercer nivel de salud.
Palabras clave: primer nivel de atención, fractura mandibular, urgencia odontológica, terapéutica.
The care of mandibular fractures at a first level of health care where the necessary equipment and resources are not available to provide specialized care, is aimed at the importance of the dentist being trained in a situation of maxillofacial trauma and knowing how to clinically identify the degree of trauma, systemic compromise, and in turn guide the patient efficiently. Objective: to know the complications that can occur after trauma such as: airway obstruction, hemorrhage, neurological disorders, and bone displacements. Also knowing the therapy to use when the patient reaches a first level of care, this therapy will depend on the complications that occur after the trauma, such as the use of AINES to reduce pain, antibiotic therapy to prevent infections, the use of anesthetic block to manually fix a fracture and the use of functional bandaging to maintain centric relation. Methodology: a qualitative, systematic, retrospective investigation was arranged, in addition to an analytical cross-section of books, magazines and the use of search engines such as: google academic, Pub-Med, Scielo, ELSEVIER, Medi graphic, among others. Where the most up-to-date information was given priority. Conclusions: Carrying out a correct evaluation of the patient, recognizing the complications, as well as the means of imaging diagnosis will lead to good therapeutics and will allow the patient to reach a second or third level health care center in better conditions. Keywords: first level of care, mandibular fracture, dental emergency, therapeutic.
The care of mandibular fractures at a first level of health care where the necessary equipment and resources are not available to provide specialized care, is aimed at the importance of the dentist being trained in a situation of maxillofacial trauma and knowing how to clinically identify the degree of trauma, systemic compromise, and in turn guide the patient efficiently. Objective: to know the complications that can occur after trauma such as: airway obstruction, hemorrhage, neurological disorders, and bone displacements. Also knowing the therapy to use when the patient reaches a first level of care, this therapy will depend on the complications that occur after the trauma, such as the use of AINES to reduce pain, antibiotic therapy to prevent infections, the use of anesthetic block to manually fix a fracture and the use of functional bandaging to maintain centric relation. Methodology: a qualitative, systematic, retrospective investigation was arranged, in addition to an analytical cross-section of books, magazines and the use of search engines such as: google academic, Pub-Med, Scielo, ELSEVIER, Medi graphic, among others. Where the most up-to-date information was given priority. Conclusions: Carrying out a correct evaluation of the patient, recognizing the complications, as well as the means of imaging diagnosis will lead to good therapeutics and will allow the patient to reach a second or third level health care center in better conditions. Keywords: first level of care, mandibular fracture, dental emergency, therapeutic.
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EMERGENCIA ODONTOLOGICA6, PRIMER NIVEL DE ATENCION DE SALUD, FRACTURAS MANDIBULARES