Abordaje de terapia ocupacional mediante estimulación cognitiva en adultos mayores con demencia moderada
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2021
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Tecnología Médica
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Al término de la investigación se evidenció que en ambos géneros predominó la demencia moderada con un 50% respectivamente, en las edades de 65 a 71 años. De tal manera se conoce que la demencia moderada es un síndrome caracterizado por el deterioro cognitivo en las habilidades de memoria, atención, razonamiento, pensamiento entre otros. Causada por el daño o la pérdida de las células nerviosas y sus conexiones en el cerebro, provocando pérdida de la memoria, dificultad para razonar o resolver problemas, confusión, desorientación, depresión, ansiedad, alucinaciones, etc. Considerado lo antes mencionado se aplica en la Fundación La Casa Del Hombre Doliente una serie de actividades de estimulación cognitiva direccionado desde el abordaje de Terapia Ocupacional, que consiste en mantener las habilidades cognitivas residuales del adulto mayor activas. La metodología que se utilizó para llevar a cabo lo antes indicado, fue la investigación exploratoria, descriptiva y experimental junto con lo instrumento de evaluación Mini-Mental (pres y post test), para obtener los datos necesarios orientados a los parámetros de esta investigación, dando como resultado que el 67% de los adultos mayores presentaron una leve mejoría en la Fijación de recuerdos utilizando actividades como el Tangram y Memorama entre otros. Para el equipo multidisciplinario de salud se realizó una encuesta de calidad tipo Likert, en donde se evidencia que están de acuerdo con la aplicación de la Estimulación Cognitiva para mantener habilidades residuales del adulto mayor.
At the end of the research it was evident that in both genders moderate dementia prevailed with 50% respectively, in the ages of 65 to 71 years. In such a way it is known that moderate dementia is a syndrome characterized by cognitive impairment in the skills of memory, attention, reasoning, thinking among others. Caused by damage or loss of nerve cells and their connections in the brain, causing memory loss, difficulty reasoning or solving problems, confusion, disorientation, depression, anxiety, hallucinations, etc. Considered the aforementioned, a series of cognitive stimulation activities directed from the Occupational Therapy approach is applied at the La Casa Del Hombre Doliente Foundation, which consists of maintaining the residual cognitive skills of the elderly active. The methodology that was used to carry out the above, was the exploratory, descriptive and experimental research together with the Mini-Mental evaluation instrument (pres and post test), to obtain the necessary data oriented to the parameters of this research, resulting in 67% of older adults presented a slight improvement in the Fixation of memories using activities such as Tangram and Memorama among others. For the multidisciplinary health team, a Likert-type quality survey was conducted, which shows that they agree with the application of Cognitive Stimulation to maintain residual skills of the elderly.
At the end of the research it was evident that in both genders moderate dementia prevailed with 50% respectively, in the ages of 65 to 71 years. In such a way it is known that moderate dementia is a syndrome characterized by cognitive impairment in the skills of memory, attention, reasoning, thinking among others. Caused by damage or loss of nerve cells and their connections in the brain, causing memory loss, difficulty reasoning or solving problems, confusion, disorientation, depression, anxiety, hallucinations, etc. Considered the aforementioned, a series of cognitive stimulation activities directed from the Occupational Therapy approach is applied at the La Casa Del Hombre Doliente Foundation, which consists of maintaining the residual cognitive skills of the elderly active. The methodology that was used to carry out the above, was the exploratory, descriptive and experimental research together with the Mini-Mental evaluation instrument (pres and post test), to obtain the necessary data oriented to the parameters of this research, resulting in 67% of older adults presented a slight improvement in the Fixation of memories using activities such as Tangram and Memorama among others. For the multidisciplinary health team, a Likert-type quality survey was conducted, which shows that they agree with the application of Cognitive Stimulation to maintain residual skills of the elderly.
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ANCIANO, ESTIMULACION COGNITIVA, DEMENCIA MODERADA, EPIDEMIOLOGIA DESCRIPTIVA, FUNDACION LA CASA DEL HOMBRE DOLIENTE, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR