Correlación entre el tratamiento antirretroviral en gestantes portadoras de VIH y el riesgo de infección perinatal
Fecha
2022
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
Introducción: La infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humano (HIV) es
un problema de salud mundial que le compete a todos los gobiernos, más aún
si se trata de dos poblaciones prioritarias, las gestantes y los neonatos, los
cuales son el eje fundamental del siguiente trabajo de titulación. Mediante este
trabajo buscaremos la efectividad del tratamiento antirretroviral en gestantes
portadoras de HIV y el riesgo de transmisión vertical. Realizando un estudio
descriptivo y retrospectivo analizando los factores de riesgo, las complicaciones
durante el embarazo, antecedentes gineco obstétricos, tiempo del diagnóstico y
tiempo que llevan tomando el tratamiento antirretroviral. Se utilizarán historias
clínicas como la herramienta principal de este estudio. Así mismo este estudio
servirá para posteriores investigaciones y trabajos de titulación.
Metodología: Se diseñó un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, y asociativo.
Objetivos: Determinar el riesgo de infección en expuestos perinatales de
gestantes portadoras de VIH que recibieron tratamiento antirretroviral y de las
que no recibieron tratamiento antirretroviral. Determinar el riesgo de infección en
expuestos perinatales de gestantes portadoras de VIH que recibieron
tratamiento antirretroviral y de las que no recibieron tratamiento antirretroviral.
Resultados: De las 115 gestantes portadoras de HIV, el 66% se ubicó en el
rango de edad de entre 20 a 35 años de edad, el 77% residía en la provincia de
Los Ríos, el 52% y 43% fueron diagnosticadas de HIV antes y durante el embarazo respectivamente, el 92% tomo tratamiento antirretroviral, de 109
expuestos perinatales de madres que tomaron tratamiento antirretroviral, el 8%
salió reactivo y el 87% no reactivo, de expuestos perinatales de madres que no
tomaron tratamiento antirretroviral el 100% salió reactivo.
Conclusión: En este estudio se evidencio que tanto el diagnóstico oportuno de
HIV por medio de los diferentes niveles de atención y así como el inicio de
tratamiento antirretroviral precoz disminuye considerablemente el riesgo de
infección por HIV en expuestos perinatales, además se concluye que un gran
porcentaje de gestantes fue diagnosticada a tiempo dando a entender que las
estrategias del MSP sobre el diagnóstico del HIV funcionan adecuadamente.
Introduction: Infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a global health problem that is the responsibility of all governments, especially in the case of two priority populations such as pregnant women and newborns, which are the focus of the following thesis. Through this work we will seek the effectiveness of antiretroviral treatment in pregnant women with HIV and the risk of vertical transmission. A descriptive and retrospective study will be carried out analyzing the risk factors, complications during pregnancy, gynecological and obstetric antecedents, time of diagnosis and antiretroviral treatment. Medical records will be used as the main tool. This study will also be used for further research and graduate work. Methodology: A retrospective, descriptive, and associative study was designed. Objectives: To determine the risk of infection in perinatally exposed pregnant HIV carriers who received antiretroviral treatment and those who did not receive antiretroviral treatment. To determine the risk of infection in perinatally exposed pregnant HIV carriers who received antiretroviral treatment and those who did not receive antiretroviral treatment. Results: Of the 115 pregnant HIV carriers, 66% were in the age range of 20 to 35 years old, 77% resided in the province of Los Rios, 52% and 43% were diagnosed with HIV before and during pregnancy respectively, 92% took antiretroviral treatment, of 109 perinatally exposed mothers who took antiretroviral treatment, 8% were reactive and 87% were non-reactive, of perinatally exposed mothers who did not take antiretroviral treatment, 100% were reactive. Conclusion: This study showed that both the timely diagnosis of HIV through the different levels of care and the initiation of early antiretroviral treatment considerably reduces the risk of HIV infection in perinatally exposed women, and it was also concluded that a large percentage of pregnant women were diagnosed in time, suggesting that the strategies of the MSP on HIV diagnosis work adequately.
Introduction: Infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a global health problem that is the responsibility of all governments, especially in the case of two priority populations such as pregnant women and newborns, which are the focus of the following thesis. Through this work we will seek the effectiveness of antiretroviral treatment in pregnant women with HIV and the risk of vertical transmission. A descriptive and retrospective study will be carried out analyzing the risk factors, complications during pregnancy, gynecological and obstetric antecedents, time of diagnosis and antiretroviral treatment. Medical records will be used as the main tool. This study will also be used for further research and graduate work. Methodology: A retrospective, descriptive, and associative study was designed. Objectives: To determine the risk of infection in perinatally exposed pregnant HIV carriers who received antiretroviral treatment and those who did not receive antiretroviral treatment. To determine the risk of infection in perinatally exposed pregnant HIV carriers who received antiretroviral treatment and those who did not receive antiretroviral treatment. Results: Of the 115 pregnant HIV carriers, 66% were in the age range of 20 to 35 years old, 77% resided in the province of Los Rios, 52% and 43% were diagnosed with HIV before and during pregnancy respectively, 92% took antiretroviral treatment, of 109 perinatally exposed mothers who took antiretroviral treatment, 8% were reactive and 87% were non-reactive, of perinatally exposed mothers who did not take antiretroviral treatment, 100% were reactive. Conclusion: This study showed that both the timely diagnosis of HIV through the different levels of care and the initiation of early antiretroviral treatment considerably reduces the risk of HIV infection in perinatally exposed women, and it was also concluded that a large percentage of pregnant women were diagnosed in time, suggesting that the strategies of the MSP on HIV diagnosis work adequately.
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GESTANTES, VIH, EPIDEMIOLOGIA DESCRIPTIVA, ESTUDIOS RETROSPECTIVOS, PORTADORES, HOSPITAL SAGRADO CORAZON DE JESUS, CANTON QUEVEDO, ECUADOR