Factores de riesgo asociados a complicaciones de tuberculosis en pacientes pediátricos
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2022
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
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Introducción: la tuberculosis en la edad pediátrica corresponde a una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad de origen infeccioso a nivel global, que afecta principalmente a los pulmones y que el desarrollo de sus complicaciones se encuentra asociado a diversos factores de riesgo evitables si son detectados a tiempo. El objetivo general fue determinar los factores de riesgo asociados a las complicaciones de tuberculosis en pacientes pediátricos atendidos en el Distrito 09D24 durante el periodo 2020-2022. Metodología: se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo transversal - retrospectivo, con diseño no experimental, aplicando el método empírico observacional. La muestra estuvo conformada por 70 pacientes. Resultados: se demostró que los factores de riesgo que se correlacionan con el desarrollo de complicaciones fueron: grupo etario mayor de 10 años, sexo masculino, procedencia urbana, entorno familiar adverso, falta de adherencia al tratamiento, riesgo de contagio y como comorbilidad el HIV. Discusión y conclusión: los resultados obtenidos en este estudio concuerdan con los de Silva et al (2019) en cuanto al grupo etario y el sexo. Se reportó una falta de adherencia del 70%, lo cual difiere con lo descrito por Esparza et al. (2020) en donde fue apenas del 5%. Además, se concluye que la complicación más frecuente corresponde a derrame pleural. Palabras clave: tuberculosis, factores de riesgo, complicaciones
Introduction: tuberculosis in the pediatric age corresponds to one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality of infectious origin at a global level, which mainly affects the lungs and the development of its complications is associated with various avoidable risk factors if they are detected early. weather. The general objective was to determine the risk factors associated with tuberculosis complications in pediatric patients treated in District 09D24 during the 2020-2022 period. Methodology: a quantitative, cross-sectional - retrospective approach was used, with a non-experimental design, applying the empirical observational method. The sample consisted of 70 patients. Results: it was shown that the risk factors that correlate with the development of complications were: age group older than 10 years, male sex, urban origin, adverse family environment, lack of adherence to treatment, risk of contagion and HIV as a comorbidity. Discussion and conclusion: the results obtained in this study agree with those of Silva et al (2019) in terms of age group and sex. A lack of adherence of 70% was reported, which differs from that described by Esparza et al. (2020) where it was just 5%. In addition, it is concluded that the most frequent complication corresponds to pleural effusion. Keywords: tuberculosis, risk factors, complications
Introduction: tuberculosis in the pediatric age corresponds to one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality of infectious origin at a global level, which mainly affects the lungs and the development of its complications is associated with various avoidable risk factors if they are detected early. weather. The general objective was to determine the risk factors associated with tuberculosis complications in pediatric patients treated in District 09D24 during the 2020-2022 period. Methodology: a quantitative, cross-sectional - retrospective approach was used, with a non-experimental design, applying the empirical observational method. The sample consisted of 70 patients. Results: it was shown that the risk factors that correlate with the development of complications were: age group older than 10 years, male sex, urban origin, adverse family environment, lack of adherence to treatment, risk of contagion and HIV as a comorbidity. Discussion and conclusion: the results obtained in this study agree with those of Silva et al (2019) in terms of age group and sex. A lack of adherence of 70% was reported, which differs from that described by Esparza et al. (2020) where it was just 5%. In addition, it is concluded that the most frequent complication corresponds to pleural effusion. Keywords: tuberculosis, risk factors, complications
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MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS, FACTORES DE RIESGO, PEDIATRIA, ESTUDIO DE MUESTRAS, ESTUDIOS RETROSPECTIVOS, CENTRO DE SALUD MATERNO INFANTIL ALFONSO ORAMAS GONZALEZ, CENTRO DE SALUD PRIMAVERA 2, CENTRO DE SALUD DURAN NO. 1, CENTRO DE SALUD DURAN II, CENTRO DE SALUD CERRO REDONDO, CENTRO DE SALUD ABEL GILBERT PONTON, CENTRO DE SALUD TIPO C EL RECREO 2, CENTRO DE SALUD TIPO C EL RECREO 1, CENTRO DE SALUD PEDRO MENENDEZ GILBERT, CANTON DURAN, ECUADOR