Dermatitis Atópica: Manejo y Tratamiento en niños atendidos en consulta externa del Hospital IESS Los Ceibos
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2022
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
Introducción: La dermatitis atópica consiste en una dermatosis de carácter reactiva, de desarrollo crónico y con propensión a recidivas, la cual se caracteriza por desarrollar un eccema altamente pruriginoso; su abordaje inicial y el manejo de los casos no se desarrolla correctamente en muchos centros de atención, por lo cual existe una afección en la calidad de vida de estos pacientes. Objetivo: Describir el manejo de los casos de dermatitis atópica en pacientes pediátricos atendidos en el Hospital General IESS Los Ceibos de la ciudad de Guayaquil. Metodología: Es un trabajo de enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo, retrospectivo de corte transversal, no experimental. Resultados: Se obtuvo como resultado de una muestra de 150 pacientes pediátricos, el 38,67% pertenece al grupo etario de 5-9 años (n=58), el 54,67% (n=82) son del sexo femenino. El 90% (n=135) no se especifica en la historia clínica la severidad de la dermatitis. El emoliente más utilizado es urea al 5%, el corticoide tópico más utilizado es la betametasona tópico (39,33%). La mayoría de los pacientes (78,67%) tuvieron una mejoría sintomatológica después del tratamiento instaurado y solo un 2% de los pacientes presentaron complicaciones después del tratamiento. Conclusiones: Se concluyó que las características sociodemográficas que prevalecieron fueron: grupo etario de 5-9 años, sexo femenino y área urbano. El manejo terapéutico de la mayoría de los pacientes dio un resultado positivo y pocos de estos presentaron complicaciones después del tratamiento. Palabras clave: Eczema, tratamiento farmacológico, SCORAD.
Introduction: Atopic dermatitis consists of a dermatosis of reactive character, of chronic development and with propensity to recurrence, which is characterized by the development of a highly pruritic eczema; its initial approach and the management of cases is not correctly developed in many care centers, which affects in the quality of life of patients. Objective: To describe the management of cases of atopic dermatitis in pediatric patients treated at the General Hospital IESS Los Ceibos in the city of Guayaquil. Methodology: This is a quantitative, descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional, non-experimental study. Results: The results were obtained from a sample of 150 pediatric patients, 38.67% belonged to the 5-9 years age group (n=58), 54.67% (n=82) were female. In 90% (n=135) of the patients the severity of the dermatitis was not specified in the clinical history. The most used emollient was urea 5%, the most used topical corticosteroid was topical betamethasone (39.33%). Most patients (78.67%) had symptomatologic improvement after treatment and only 2% of patients had complications after treatment. Conclusions: It was concluded that the sociodemographic characteristics that prevailed were: age group 5-9 years, female sex and urban area. The therapeutic management of most of the patients gave a positive result and few of them presented complications after treatment. Key words: Eczema, pharmacological treatment, SCORAD.
Introduction: Atopic dermatitis consists of a dermatosis of reactive character, of chronic development and with propensity to recurrence, which is characterized by the development of a highly pruritic eczema; its initial approach and the management of cases is not correctly developed in many care centers, which affects in the quality of life of patients. Objective: To describe the management of cases of atopic dermatitis in pediatric patients treated at the General Hospital IESS Los Ceibos in the city of Guayaquil. Methodology: This is a quantitative, descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional, non-experimental study. Results: The results were obtained from a sample of 150 pediatric patients, 38.67% belonged to the 5-9 years age group (n=58), 54.67% (n=82) were female. In 90% (n=135) of the patients the severity of the dermatitis was not specified in the clinical history. The most used emollient was urea 5%, the most used topical corticosteroid was topical betamethasone (39.33%). Most patients (78.67%) had symptomatologic improvement after treatment and only 2% of patients had complications after treatment. Conclusions: It was concluded that the sociodemographic characteristics that prevailed were: age group 5-9 years, female sex and urban area. The therapeutic management of most of the patients gave a positive result and few of them presented complications after treatment. Key words: Eczema, pharmacological treatment, SCORAD.
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DERMATITIS ATOPICA, ECZEMA, TRATAMIENTO FARMACOLOGICO, EPIDEMIOLOGIA DESCRIPTIVA, ESTUDIOS RETROSPECTIVOS, HOSPITAL DEL IESS LOS CEIBOS, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR