Comorbilidades asociadas a pacientes afectados por SARS-CoV-2
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2022
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
En diciembre del 2019 la ciudad de Wuhan, Hubei, China experimentó un brote epidémico caracterizado por un síndrome respiratorio agudo grave que posteriormente se denominaría COVID-19, siendo el agente causal el SARS CoV-2, nuevo coronavirus emergente que se propago a nivel mundial lo que incitó a la OMS a declarar su aparición como una pandemia y emergencia sanitaria, incrementando la vulnerabilidad y muerte en pacientes con comorbilidades, las cuales son cruciales para la complicación del cuadro clínico. Objetivo: Evaluar las comorbilidades asociadas a pacientes afectados con SARS-CoV-2 que habitan en la parroquia El Recreo del cantón Duran, Ecuador. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio de enfoque cuantitativo, de diseño descriptivo, de campo, no experimental de corte transversal. Se empleó una encuesta como instrumento de recolección de datos a los jefes de hogar. Resultados: En una muestra de 71 personas la edad preponderante fue el rango de 50-59 años (33,80%), predominando el género femenino (77,46%). Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron cefalea (35.71%) y fiebre (21,43%). Las comorbilidades mayormente presentes fueron hipertensión arterial (16,48%), diabetes (6,59%) y enfermedad cardiaca (1,10%), al asociarlas con los síntomas, se encontró que la gastritis estuvo relacionada con la falta de apetito, la artrosis a mialgia y la asociación de la hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus y epilepsia con la ageusia y las morbilidades asociadas a mayor tasa de mortalidad fueron la hipertensión arterial y la diabetes con 0,24% y 0,12% respectivamente. Conclusión: demostrando que las comorbilidades más prevalentes en la población y asociadas a mayor tasa de mortalidad por SARS CoV-2 son Hipertensión arterial y la diabetes mellitus lo que demanda la creación de estrategias de prevención ante este grupo vulnerable. Palabras claves: Infecciones Por Coronavirus, Enfermedad Por Coronavirus 2019-Ncov, Comorbilidad, Tasa De Mortalidad
In December 2019, the city of Wuhan, Hubei, China experienced an epidemic outbreak characterized by a severe acute respiratory syndrome that would later be called COVID-19, the causal agent being SARS-CoV-2, a new emerging coronavirus that spread worldwide. which prompted the WHO to declare its appearance as a pandemic and health emergency, increasing vulnerability and death in patients with comorbidities, which are crucial for the complication of the clinical picture. Objective: To evaluate the comorbidities associated with patients affected with SARS-CoV-2 who live in the El Recreo parish of the Duran canton, Ecuador. Methodology: A cross-sectional, non-experimental, non-experimental cross-sectional study was carried out with a quantitative approach, descriptive design. A survey was used as a data collection instrument for heads of households. Results: In a sample of 71 people, the predominant age was the range of 50-59 years (33.80%), predominantly female (77.46%). The most frequent symptoms were headache (35.71%) and fever (21.43%). The most common comorbidities were high blood pressure (16.48%), diabetes (6.59%) and heart disease (1.10%), when associated with the symptoms, it was found that gastritis was related to lack of appetite, osteoarthritis to myalgia and the association of arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and epilepsy with ageusia and morbidities associated with a higher mortality rate were arterial hypertension and diabetes with 0.24% and 0.12% respectively. Conclusion: demonstrating that the most prevalent comorbidities in the population and associated with a higher mortality rate from SARS-CoV-2 are arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus, which demands the creation of prevention strategies for this vulnerable group. Keywords: Coronavirus Infections, Coronavirus Disease 2019-Ncov, Comorbidity, Mortality Rate
In December 2019, the city of Wuhan, Hubei, China experienced an epidemic outbreak characterized by a severe acute respiratory syndrome that would later be called COVID-19, the causal agent being SARS-CoV-2, a new emerging coronavirus that spread worldwide. which prompted the WHO to declare its appearance as a pandemic and health emergency, increasing vulnerability and death in patients with comorbidities, which are crucial for the complication of the clinical picture. Objective: To evaluate the comorbidities associated with patients affected with SARS-CoV-2 who live in the El Recreo parish of the Duran canton, Ecuador. Methodology: A cross-sectional, non-experimental, non-experimental cross-sectional study was carried out with a quantitative approach, descriptive design. A survey was used as a data collection instrument for heads of households. Results: In a sample of 71 people, the predominant age was the range of 50-59 years (33.80%), predominantly female (77.46%). The most frequent symptoms were headache (35.71%) and fever (21.43%). The most common comorbidities were high blood pressure (16.48%), diabetes (6.59%) and heart disease (1.10%), when associated with the symptoms, it was found that gastritis was related to lack of appetite, osteoarthritis to myalgia and the association of arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and epilepsy with ageusia and morbidities associated with a higher mortality rate were arterial hypertension and diabetes with 0.24% and 0.12% respectively. Conclusion: demonstrating that the most prevalent comorbidities in the population and associated with a higher mortality rate from SARS-CoV-2 are arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus, which demands the creation of prevention strategies for this vulnerable group. Keywords: Coronavirus Infections, Coronavirus Disease 2019-Ncov, Comorbidity, Mortality Rate
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COMORBILIDAD, SINDROME RESPIRATORIO AGUDO GRAVE, CORONAVIRUS, ORGANIZACION MUNDIAL DE LA SALUD, DENGUE, EPIDEMIOLOGIA DESCRIPTIVA, PARROQUIA EL RECREO, CANTON DURAN, ECUADOR