Factores de riesgo y complicaciones neurológicas por toxoplasmosis en pacientes con VIH/SIDA
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2022
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
Introducción: el virus catalogado como el de la inmunodeficiencia humana por sus siglas (VIH) pertenece a la subdivisión de los rotavirus su célula diana son los linfocitos T-CD4 los cuales son destruidos por lo consiguiente se produce una afección del sistema inmunológico de grandes magnitudes lo que aumenta el riesgo de infecciones sobreañadidas. La enfermedad oportunista por excelencia de los pacientes con VIH en fase SIDA es la toxoplasmosis cerebral que se caracteriza por presentar déficits neurológicos y múltiples lesiones características en las pruebas diagnósticas por imágenes, la marcada inmunodepresión e la fase sida presenta la puerta de entrada para esta parasitosis. Objetivo: Puntualizar los factores de riesgos asociados al desarrollo de las diferentes alteraciones neurológicas por toxoplasmosis cerebral en pacientes con VIH en fase SIDA atendidos en el Hospital de Infectología “Dr. José Daniel Rodríguez Maridueña. Periodo 2019-2021. Metodología: Se realizó una investigación con un enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, de corte transversal y retrospectiva, en una muestra de 141 pacientes. Los datos utilizados fueron obtenidos de las historias clínicas en formatos físicos de los pacientes con VIH/SIDA y toxoplasmosis cerebral en el periodo 2019-2021. Resultados: la infección por el toxoplasma Gondii tiene una prevalencia del 4%, predomina en el sexo masculino entre los 18-39 años. El diagnostico se debe realizar por medio de los diferentes signos y síntomas clínicos y complementarlo con estudios por imágenes RMN o TAC y serología. Conclusiones: Los pacientes que padecen VIH pertenecen a un grupo vulnerable de la sociedad los cuales tienen que luchas con los estigmas y paradigmas sociales para recibir una atención de calidad, los factores de riesgo juegan un papel importante frente a XVI los datos estadísticos para el desarrollo de alteraciones neurológicas, los más importantes se relacionan con el tratamiento antirretroviral, ya sea su adherencia y eficacia. Palabras clave: VIH, SIDA, TOXOPLASMOSIS CEREBRAL, FACTORES DE RIESGO, ALTERACIONES NEUROLOGICAS
Introduction: the virus cataloged as the human immunodeficiency virus by its acronym (HIV) belongs to the subdivision of the rotaviruses, its target cell is the T-CD4 lymphocytes, which are destroyed, consequently, a large-scale immune system condition is produced. which increases the risk of superimposed infections. The opportunistic disease par excellence of HIV patients in the AIDS phase is cerebral toxoplasmosis, which is characterized by neurological deficits and multiple characteristic lesions in diagnostic imaging tests, the marked immunosuppression and the AIDS phase presents the gateway for this parasitosis. Objective: To point out the risk factors associated with the development of the different neurological alterations due to cerebral toxoplasmosis in patients with HIV in the AIDS phase treated at the “Dr. Jose Daniel Rodriguez Maridueña. Period 2019-2021. Methodology: An investigation was carried out with a quantitative approach, non-experimental, cross-sectional, and retrospective design, in a sample of 141 patients. The data used was obtained from the medical records in physical formats of patients with HIV/AIDS and cerebral toxoplasmosis in the period 2019-2021. Results: Toxoplasma Gondi infection has a prevalence of 4%, predominates in males between 18- 39 years. The diagnosis must be made through the different clinical signs and symptoms and complement it with MRI or CT imaging studies and serology. Conclusions: Patients suffering from HIV belong to a vulnerable group of society who must struggle with stigmas and social paradigms to receive quality care, risk factors play an important role compared to statistical data for the development of neurological alterations, the most important are related to antiretroviral treatment, whether its adherence and efficacy. Keywords: HIV, AIDS, CEREBRAL TOXOPLASMOSIS, RISK FACTORS, NEUROLOGICAL ALTERATIONS
Introduction: the virus cataloged as the human immunodeficiency virus by its acronym (HIV) belongs to the subdivision of the rotaviruses, its target cell is the T-CD4 lymphocytes, which are destroyed, consequently, a large-scale immune system condition is produced. which increases the risk of superimposed infections. The opportunistic disease par excellence of HIV patients in the AIDS phase is cerebral toxoplasmosis, which is characterized by neurological deficits and multiple characteristic lesions in diagnostic imaging tests, the marked immunosuppression and the AIDS phase presents the gateway for this parasitosis. Objective: To point out the risk factors associated with the development of the different neurological alterations due to cerebral toxoplasmosis in patients with HIV in the AIDS phase treated at the “Dr. Jose Daniel Rodriguez Maridueña. Period 2019-2021. Methodology: An investigation was carried out with a quantitative approach, non-experimental, cross-sectional, and retrospective design, in a sample of 141 patients. The data used was obtained from the medical records in physical formats of patients with HIV/AIDS and cerebral toxoplasmosis in the period 2019-2021. Results: Toxoplasma Gondi infection has a prevalence of 4%, predominates in males between 18- 39 years. The diagnosis must be made through the different clinical signs and symptoms and complement it with MRI or CT imaging studies and serology. Conclusions: Patients suffering from HIV belong to a vulnerable group of society who must struggle with stigmas and social paradigms to receive quality care, risk factors play an important role compared to statistical data for the development of neurological alterations, the most important are related to antiretroviral treatment, whether its adherence and efficacy. Keywords: HIV, AIDS, CEREBRAL TOXOPLASMOSIS, RISK FACTORS, NEUROLOGICAL ALTERATIONS
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TOXOPLASMOSIS, FACTORES DE RIESGO, VIRUS DE INMUNODEFICIENCIA HUMANA, SINDROME DE INMUNODEFICIENCIA ADQUIRIDA, LINFOCITOS T CD4-POSITIVOS, ESTUDIOS RETROSPECTIVOS, HOSPITAL DE INFECTOLOGIA DR. JOSE DANIEL RODRIGUEZ MARIDUEÑA, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR