Nuevos modos de destete ventilatorio, revisión sistemática de la literatura periodo 2015 - 2020
Fecha
2021
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Tecnología Médica
Resumen
La retirada de la ventilación mecánica es uno de los procedimientos más comunes en la unidad
de terapia intensiva (UTI) este procedimiento corresponde al 40% del tiempo total del soporte
ventilatorio. Una gran cantidad de pacientes pueden ser retirados o desconectados del soporte
respiratorio mecánico de forma rápida y sencilla utilizando modos convenciones de destete
(PSV y CPAP), pero nuevos modos de destete ventilatorio (NAVA Y PAV) están siendo
estudiados para demostrar su eficacia sobre el paciente sometido a ventilación mecánica. La
metodología utilizada fue una revisión sistemática de artículos científicos en la cual se utilizó
un diseño cualitativo no experimental y es un tipo de investigación observacional, descriptiva
y bibliográfica donde se estudió una población de 30 artículos científicos de los cuales
aplicando los criterios de inclusión y exclusión se obtuvo una población de 9 artículos
científicos verificados. Se concluyó en esta investigación bibliográfica que los nuevos modos
ventilatorios tienen una gran eficacia al momento de aplicarlos para un destete en pacientes
con ventilación mecánica prolongada, debido al gran acople ventilador-paciente de los 9
artículos científicos estudiados 4 presentaron éxito en la tasa de destete de la ventilación
mecánica, 3 presentaron disminución de las asincronías frente a otros modos convencionales,
2 presentaron mejora de la supervivencia en paciente pre y post utilización de ventilación
mecánica.
The withdrawal of mechanical ventilation is one of the most common procedures in the intensive care unit (ICU). This procedure corresponds to 40% of the total time of ventilatory support. Many patients can be removed or disconnected from mechanical respiratory support quickly and easily using conventional weaning modes (PSV and CPAP), but new ventilatory weaning modes (NAVA and PAV) are being studied to demonstrate their efficacy on the patient undergoing mechanical ventilation. The methodology used was a systematic review of scientific articles in which a non-experimental qualitative design was used, and it is a type of observational, descriptive, and bibliographic research where a population of 30 scientific articles was studied, of which applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria a population of 9 verified scientific articles was obtained. It was concluded in this bibliographic research that the new ventilatory modes are highly effective when applied for weaning in patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation, due to the large ventilator-patient coupling of the 9 scientific articles studied 4 presented success in the weaning rate of mechanical ventilation, 3 presented decreased asynchronies compared to other conventional modes, 2 presented improved survival in patients before and after use of mechanical ventilation.
The withdrawal of mechanical ventilation is one of the most common procedures in the intensive care unit (ICU). This procedure corresponds to 40% of the total time of ventilatory support. Many patients can be removed or disconnected from mechanical respiratory support quickly and easily using conventional weaning modes (PSV and CPAP), but new ventilatory weaning modes (NAVA and PAV) are being studied to demonstrate their efficacy on the patient undergoing mechanical ventilation. The methodology used was a systematic review of scientific articles in which a non-experimental qualitative design was used, and it is a type of observational, descriptive, and bibliographic research where a population of 30 scientific articles was studied, of which applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria a population of 9 verified scientific articles was obtained. It was concluded in this bibliographic research that the new ventilatory modes are highly effective when applied for weaning in patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation, due to the large ventilator-patient coupling of the 9 scientific articles studied 4 presented success in the weaning rate of mechanical ventilation, 3 presented decreased asynchronies compared to other conventional modes, 2 presented improved survival in patients before and after use of mechanical ventilation.
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Palabras clave
DESTETE, REVISION SISTEMATICA, RESPIRACION ARTIFICIAL, TERAPIA INTENSIVA