Intervención del terapeuta de lenguaje en disfagia para usuarios geriátricos
Fecha
2021
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Tecnología Médica
Resumen
El presente trabajo de titulación referente a “Intervención del terapeuta de lenguaje en disfagia
para usuarios geriátricos”, tiene como objetivo desarrollar una guía de intervención de disfagia
dirigida a estudiantes de terapia de lenguaje, personal de la salud y cuidadores que trabajan con
usuarios geriátricos del Hogar del Corazón de Jesús de la ciudad de Guayaquil. Entendiendo a la
disfagia como una alteración del mecanismo deglutorio que dificulta el adecuado paso del
alimento e incluso de la saliva desde la boca hacia el estómago lo que puede provocar
desnutrición y deshidratación. Las alteraciones en el acto de tragar que se dan a consecuencia de
la edad se los conocen como presbifagia. El diseño de investigación que se empleó fue de
modalidad cualitativa y cuantitativa, el tipo es de carácter exploratorio y descriptivo, bajo un
método analítico deductivo. Se utilizó la técnica de encuesta cerrada dirigida a los estudiantes de
7mo semestre de terapia de lenguaje y de Likert dirigida a profesionales de la salud. La muestra
seleccionada fue de 15 personas mayores que presenten disfagia, 10 profesionales de la salud y
10 estudiantes de 7mo semestre de la carrera de terapia de lenguaje. Se concluyó el trabajo
evidenciando desconocimiento acerca de la disfagia, diagnóstico tardío del mismo, despreocupación y abandono por parte de sus familiares. Por lo tanto, se recomendó a los
profesionales de la salud y cuidadores aplicar las actividades y maniobras descritas en la guía, supervisión de las personas mayores durante la comida y comunicación virtual con familiares. Palabras claves: Disfagia, deglutir, masticación, maniobras.
The present title work referring to the “Intervention of the language therapist in dysphagia for geriatric users” aims to develop a guide for dysphagia intervention aimed at language therapy students, health personnel and caregivers working with geriatric users of the Heart of Jesus Home in the city of Guayaquil. Dysphagia is understood as an alteration of the deglutorial mechanism that makes it difficult to pass food, and even saliva, from the mouth to the stomach, which can cause malnutrition and dehydration. Changes in the act of swallowing that occur as a result of age are known as presbifagia. The research design that was used is qualitative and quantitative, the type is exploratory and descriptive, under a deductive analytical method. A closed survey technique was used for students from 7th semester language therapy and Likert aimed at health professionals. The selected sample was 15 elderly people with dysphagia, 10 health professionals and 10 students from 7th semester of the language therapy career. The work was concluded and it showed a lack of knowledge of dysphagia, late diagnosis of dysphagia, carelessness and abandonment by their families. Therefore, it was recommended that health professionals and caregivers apply the activities and manoeuvres described in the guide, including the supervision of elderly people during lunch and virtual communication with family members.KEYWORKS: Dysphagia, swallow, Chewing, Maneuvers.
The present title work referring to the “Intervention of the language therapist in dysphagia for geriatric users” aims to develop a guide for dysphagia intervention aimed at language therapy students, health personnel and caregivers working with geriatric users of the Heart of Jesus Home in the city of Guayaquil. Dysphagia is understood as an alteration of the deglutorial mechanism that makes it difficult to pass food, and even saliva, from the mouth to the stomach, which can cause malnutrition and dehydration. Changes in the act of swallowing that occur as a result of age are known as presbifagia. The research design that was used is qualitative and quantitative, the type is exploratory and descriptive, under a deductive analytical method. A closed survey technique was used for students from 7th semester language therapy and Likert aimed at health professionals. The selected sample was 15 elderly people with dysphagia, 10 health professionals and 10 students from 7th semester of the language therapy career. The work was concluded and it showed a lack of knowledge of dysphagia, late diagnosis of dysphagia, carelessness and abandonment by their families. Therefore, it was recommended that health professionals and caregivers apply the activities and manoeuvres described in the guide, including the supervision of elderly people during lunch and virtual communication with family members.KEYWORKS: Dysphagia, swallow, Chewing, Maneuvers.
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TERAPEUTICA, TRASTORNOS DE DEGLUCION, HOSPITALES GERIATRICOS, ANCIANO, EPIDEMIOLOGIA DESCRIPTIVA, JUNTA DE BENEFICIENCIA DE GUAYAQUIL HOGAR CORAZON DE JESUS, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR