Evaluación del riesgo de contaminación por arsénico y plomo en sedimentos del rio Atacames-Esmeraldas
Fecha
2023
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
Los ecosistemas de manglar están expuestos a distintas presiones antropogénicas que generan impactos negativos. Por eso, en este trabajo de investigación se llevó a cabo la evaluación del riesgo de contaminación por As y Pb en sedimentos del rio Atacames para determinar los posibles efectos que pueden causar estos contaminantes en el ser humano y la biodiversidad. La colecta de muestras se realizó en 4 puntos que abarcan toda la extensión del brazo del rio. Las concentraciones promedio que se encontraron para As (4,55 mg/kg) y Pb (8,94 mg/kg), no superaron los LMP establecidos en la normativa, salvo el plomo en uno de los puntos de muestreo. Para la evaluación de riesgo toxicológico se comparó las concentraciones de As y Pb con los valores de Concentración de Efectos Límite (CEL) y Concentración de Efectos Probables (CEP). Adicional, se calculó el factor de contaminación de sedimentos (fi), el Índice de Carga de Contaminación (ICC) y el Índice de Riesgo Ecológico Potencial (IREP). Los resultados indicaron que existe un riesgo toxicológico bajo en los sedimentos del manglar del rio Atacames (IREP< 150), es decir que la probabilidad de que ocurran los riesgos mencionados en este estudio es de 9%.
Mangrove ecosystems are exposed to different anthropogenic pressures that generate negative impacts. Therefore, in this research work, the risk assessment of As and Pb contamination in sediments of the Atacames river was carried out to determine the possible effects that these pollutants can cause on humans and biodiversity. Samples were collected at four points along the entire length of the river. The average concentrations found for As (4.55 mg/kg) and Pb (8.94 mg/kg) did not exceed the MRLs established in the regulations, except for lead at one of the sampling points. For the toxicological risk assessment, the concentrations of As and Pb were compared with the Limit Effect Concentration (CEL) and Probable Effect Concentration (CEP) values. Additionally, the sediment contamination factor (fi), the Contamination Loading Index (ICC) and the Index of Potential Ecological Risk (IREP) were calculated. The results indicated that there is a low toxicological risk in the mangrove sediments of the Atacames River (IREP< 150), the probability of occurrence of the risks mentioned in this study is 9%.
Mangrove ecosystems are exposed to different anthropogenic pressures that generate negative impacts. Therefore, in this research work, the risk assessment of As and Pb contamination in sediments of the Atacames river was carried out to determine the possible effects that these pollutants can cause on humans and biodiversity. Samples were collected at four points along the entire length of the river. The average concentrations found for As (4.55 mg/kg) and Pb (8.94 mg/kg) did not exceed the MRLs established in the regulations, except for lead at one of the sampling points. For the toxicological risk assessment, the concentrations of As and Pb were compared with the Limit Effect Concentration (CEL) and Probable Effect Concentration (CEP) values. Additionally, the sediment contamination factor (fi), the Contamination Loading Index (ICC) and the Index of Potential Ecological Risk (IREP) were calculated. The results indicated that there is a low toxicological risk in the mangrove sediments of the Atacames River (IREP< 150), the probability of occurrence of the risks mentioned in this study is 9%.
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ARSÉNICO, PLOMO, EVALUACIÓN DE RIESGO, MANGLAR, TOXICOLOGÍA