Nepsis neonatal y su relación con los factores de riesgo materno fetal
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2023
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
Introducción, la sepsis neonatal sigue siendo una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad en este grupo etario, que a pesar del uso de antimicrobianos y un adecuado manejo prenatal, natal y postnatal aún sigue siendo un reto para el sistema de salud y los profesionales que lo conforman.
Objetivo: Establecer los principales factores de riesgos maternos fetales que conllevan a la complicación por sepsis en el neonato, en el Hospital Gineco Obstétrico Pediátrico Universitario de Guayaquil.
Metodología, se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y de corte trasversal, con una población de 122 neonatos, ingresados en el Hospital Gineco Obstétrico Pediátrico Universitario de Guayaquil, mismo que fueron diagnosticados de sepsis neonatal de inicio temprano ya sea por laboratorio o por diagnóstico clínico, en el periodo 2020-2022.
Resultados, entre los factores de riesgo que tuvieron relación con la mortalidad fueron la infección del tracto urinario en el tercer trimestre con el 3,9% (n=5), la prematurez asociado a peso bajo al nacer con el 12,4% (n=16) y controles insuficientes de gestación ≤ 4 controles con el 3,1% (n=4). En el periodo de estudio se reportó 17 fallecidos por sepsis neonatal temprana que represento el 13,2% del total de la población.
Conclusiones, indicamos que sepsis sigue siendo una de las causas principales de morbilidad y mortalidad en neonatos, tasa de mortalidad en el año 2020 fue de 3,52 por cada 1000 nacidos vivos, en el año 2021 la tasa de mortalidad fue de 1,68 por cada 1000 nacidos vivos, en el años 2022 esta tasa de mortalidad fue de 1,45 por cada 1000 nacidos vivos; Los factores de riesgo que se encontraron asociados con la mortalidad neonatal en el presente estudio fueron la prematurez asociado al peso bajo al nacer y la infección del tracto urinario en el tercer trimestre del embarazo.
Introduction, neonatal sepsis continues to be one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in this age group, which despite the use of antimicrobials and adequate prenatal, natal, and postnatal management continues to be a challenge for the health system and professionals. that make it up Objective: To establish the main maternal-fetal risk factors that lead to complications due to sepsis in the newborn, at the Hospital Gineco Obstetrico Pediatrico Universitario de Guayaquil. Methodology, a descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study was carried out, with a population of 122 neonates, admitted to the Hospital Gineco Obstetrico Pediatrico Universitario de Guayaquil, who were diagnosed with early-onset neonatal sepsis either by laboratory or by clinical diagnosis, in the period 2020-2022. Results, among the risk factors that were related to mortality were urinary tract infection in the third trimester with 3.9% (n=5), prematurity associated with low birth weight with 12.4% ( n=16) and insufficient pregnancy controls ≤ 4 controls with 3.1% (n=4). During the study period, 17 deaths due to early neonatal sepsis were reported, representing 13.2% of the total population. Conclusions, we indicate that sepsis continues to be one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in neonates, mortality rate in 2020 was 3.52 per 1000 live births, in 2021 the mortality rate was 1.68 per 1,000 live births. 1,000 live births, in 2022 this mortality rate was 1.45 per 1,000 live births; The risk factors found to be associated with neonatal mortality in the present study were prematurity associated with low birth weight and urinary tract infection in the third trimester of pregnancy.
Introduction, neonatal sepsis continues to be one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in this age group, which despite the use of antimicrobials and adequate prenatal, natal, and postnatal management continues to be a challenge for the health system and professionals. that make it up Objective: To establish the main maternal-fetal risk factors that lead to complications due to sepsis in the newborn, at the Hospital Gineco Obstetrico Pediatrico Universitario de Guayaquil. Methodology, a descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study was carried out, with a population of 122 neonates, admitted to the Hospital Gineco Obstetrico Pediatrico Universitario de Guayaquil, who were diagnosed with early-onset neonatal sepsis either by laboratory or by clinical diagnosis, in the period 2020-2022. Results, among the risk factors that were related to mortality were urinary tract infection in the third trimester with 3.9% (n=5), prematurity associated with low birth weight with 12.4% ( n=16) and insufficient pregnancy controls ≤ 4 controls with 3.1% (n=4). During the study period, 17 deaths due to early neonatal sepsis were reported, representing 13.2% of the total population. Conclusions, we indicate that sepsis continues to be one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in neonates, mortality rate in 2020 was 3.52 per 1000 live births, in 2021 the mortality rate was 1.68 per 1,000 live births. 1,000 live births, in 2022 this mortality rate was 1.45 per 1,000 live births; The risk factors found to be associated with neonatal mortality in the present study were prematurity associated with low birth weight and urinary tract infection in the third trimester of pregnancy.
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RECIEN NACIDO, SEPSIS NEONATAL, FACTORES DE RIESGO, MATERNO FETAL, EPIDEMIOLOGIA DESCRIPTIVA, ESTUDIOS RETROSPECTIVOS, HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO DE GUAYAQUIL, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR