Identificación de factores de riesgo para diverticulitis aguda
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2023
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
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INTRODUCCIÓN: La diverticulitis aguda (DA) es una de las manifestaciones clínicas más comunes en los servicios de urgencias a nivel mundial y representa un alto costo en salud pública con una incidencia de aproximadamente el 25%. El objetivo principal de la presente investigación es identificar todos los factores de riesgo asociados a la diverticulitis aguda.
MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: El enfoque de la investigación fue cualitativa con variables nominales y ordinales, además con una metodología analítica, observacional de corte transversal y según el tiempo retrospectivo. El estudio fue realizado en el Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Cabo, de la Ciudad de Guayaquil. Se seleccionó una muestra de 150 pacientes diagnosticados de diverticulitis aguda con un intervalo de confianza del 95% y un margen de error de 0,05.
RESULTADOS: Según los datos epidemiológicos destacaron los siguientes: el sexo masculino (70%), grupo etario entre 60 a 69 años (35%), y un promedio de edad de 67 años, y raza mestiza (95%). Entre los factores de riesgo identificados según las comorbilidades fueron antecedente de diverticulitis aguda previa (51%), Diabetes mellitus (31%), Hipertensión arterial (30%), y obesidad (28%). Según los hábitos el uso de AINES (43%), y dieta baja en fibra (27%) predominaron, mientras que el uso del alcohol y tabaco fueron poco frecuentes. Los síntomas característicos fueron dolor en cuadrante inferior izquierdo (54%), estreñimiento (48%), dispepsia (30%), y distensión abdominal (27%).
CONCLUSIONES: Los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de DA son: Sexo masculino, edad >60 años, antecedente de diverticulitis previa, Diabetes Mellitus, HTA, obesidad, consumo de AINES y dieta baja en fibra.
BACKGROUND: Acute diverticulitis (AD) is one of the most common clinical manifestations in emergency services worldwide and represents a high cost in public health with an incidence of approximately 25%. The main objective of this research is to identify all the risk factors associated with acute diverticulitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research approach was qualitative with nominal and ordinal variables, in addition to an analytical, observational, cross-sectional methodology and according to retrospective time. The study was carried out at the Teodoro Maldonado Cabo Specialty Hospital, in the city of Guayaquil. A sample of 150 patients diagnosed with acute diverticulitis was selected with a confidence interval of 95% and a margin of error of 0.05. RESULTS: According to the epidemiological data, the following stood out: male sex (70%), age group between 60 to 69 years (35%), and an average age of 67 years, and mixed race (95%). Among the risk factors identified according to comorbidities were a history of previous acute diverticulitis (51%), diabetes mellitus (31%), arterial hypertension (30%), and obesity (28%). According to habits, the use of NSAIDs (43%) and a low-fiber diet (27%) predominated, while the use of alcohol and tobacco were infrequent. The characteristic symptoms were left lower quadrant pain (54%), constipation (48%), dyspepsia (30%), and abdominal distension (27%). CONCLUSIONS: The risk factors for the development of AD are: Male sex, age >60 years, history of previous diverticulitis, Diabetes Mellitus, AHT, obesity, NSAID consumption and low fiber diet.
BACKGROUND: Acute diverticulitis (AD) is one of the most common clinical manifestations in emergency services worldwide and represents a high cost in public health with an incidence of approximately 25%. The main objective of this research is to identify all the risk factors associated with acute diverticulitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research approach was qualitative with nominal and ordinal variables, in addition to an analytical, observational, cross-sectional methodology and according to retrospective time. The study was carried out at the Teodoro Maldonado Cabo Specialty Hospital, in the city of Guayaquil. A sample of 150 patients diagnosed with acute diverticulitis was selected with a confidence interval of 95% and a margin of error of 0.05. RESULTS: According to the epidemiological data, the following stood out: male sex (70%), age group between 60 to 69 years (35%), and an average age of 67 years, and mixed race (95%). Among the risk factors identified according to comorbidities were a history of previous acute diverticulitis (51%), diabetes mellitus (31%), arterial hypertension (30%), and obesity (28%). According to habits, the use of NSAIDs (43%) and a low-fiber diet (27%) predominated, while the use of alcohol and tobacco were infrequent. The characteristic symptoms were left lower quadrant pain (54%), constipation (48%), dyspepsia (30%), and abdominal distension (27%). CONCLUSIONS: The risk factors for the development of AD are: Male sex, age >60 years, history of previous diverticulitis, Diabetes Mellitus, AHT, obesity, NSAID consumption and low fiber diet.
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DIVERTICULITIS, FACTORES DE RIESGO, EPIDEMIOLOGIA ANALITICA, HOSPITAL DE ESPECIALIDADES DR. TEODORO MALDONADO CARBO, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR