Diversidad y uso de hábitat de aves en diferentes gradientes urbanos en la ciudad de Guayaquil-Ecuador
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Fecha
2014
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Universidad de Guayaquil; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales
Resumen
En este estudio se estableció la diversidad y la preferencia de hábitat de las comunidades de aves, en 16 sitios de la Ciudad de Guayaquil, con diferentes gradientes de urbanización, con el fin de determinar si existe variabilidad de la diversidad y el uso de hábitat. Se contabilizaron e identificaron 2.828 individuos pertenecientes a 116 especies, 95 géneros, 36 familias y 18 ordenes. Las fami-lias que presentaron el mayor número de especies fueron Tyrannidae (17 es-pecies), Columbidae y Psittacidae (ocho). Las especies más abundantes fueron Columba livia (Paloma Doméstica), Thraupis episcopus (Tangara Azuleja) y Columbina buckleyi (Tortolita Ecuatoriana), todas especies que toleran áreas con antropización. El 41% del total de especies registradas, se encontraron en la zona Urbana y el 78% en la zona Periurbana. El Dosel fue el hábitat más ampliamente usado. Aunque existe una clara tendencia al uso del hábitat Es-pacio Abierto en el gradiente Urbano, y del hábitat Espacio Aéreo en el Periur-bano. Las semillas fueron el recurso alimenticio más utilizado en el gradiente Urbano; mientras que el recurso insectos fue el más consumido en los gradien-tes Suburbano y Periurbano. Los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo demues-tran que la riqueza de aves disminuye al aumentar el gradiente de urbaniza-ción. La mayor parte de las especies utilizan el hábitat de Dosel, pero para al-bergar mayor riqueza, son necesarios varios tipos de hábitats. Se puede notar que las especies que toleran áreas con mayor grado de antropización, son am-pliamente distribuidas y sus abundancias son mayores en estas zonas.
This research establish the biological diversity and the habitat preference of the birds communities in 16 places which have different gradients of urbanization along Guayaquil City, the goal is to determinate the variability if the diversity and the habitat preference between the gradients, 2828 individuals were counted and identified, they are distributed in 116 species, 95 genera, 36 fami-lies and 18 orders. The more abundant families were Tyrannidae (17 species), Columbidae and Psittacidae (eight), the more abundant species were Columba livia (Rock Pigeon), Thraupis episcopus (Blue-gray Tanager) and Columbina bukleyi (Ecuadorian Ground Dove), all those anthropisation tolerant species. The 41% of all registered species were found in the Urban zone and the 78% in the Periurban. The Canopy was the widely used habitat. Even though there is an evident tendency to use the Open Area habitat in the Urban Gradient and the Air habitat in the Periurban, while the entire ecosystem was homogeny used in the Suburban. The seeds were the more used nutritional resource in the Ur-ban Gradient, while the Insects resource in the Suburban and the Periurban. The results obtained in this research demonstrate that the bird richness de-crease while the urbanization gradient increase. The most of the species use the Canopy habitat but to keep the richness it is necessary to preserve many types of habitats. It is evident that the species which tolerate strong anthropiset areas are widely distributed and their abundances are elevates in this zones. Keywords: Anthropisation, Birds Communities, Disturbance, Canopy, Urban
This research establish the biological diversity and the habitat preference of the birds communities in 16 places which have different gradients of urbanization along Guayaquil City, the goal is to determinate the variability if the diversity and the habitat preference between the gradients, 2828 individuals were counted and identified, they are distributed in 116 species, 95 genera, 36 fami-lies and 18 orders. The more abundant families were Tyrannidae (17 species), Columbidae and Psittacidae (eight), the more abundant species were Columba livia (Rock Pigeon), Thraupis episcopus (Blue-gray Tanager) and Columbina bukleyi (Ecuadorian Ground Dove), all those anthropisation tolerant species. The 41% of all registered species were found in the Urban zone and the 78% in the Periurban. The Canopy was the widely used habitat. Even though there is an evident tendency to use the Open Area habitat in the Urban Gradient and the Air habitat in the Periurban, while the entire ecosystem was homogeny used in the Suburban. The seeds were the more used nutritional resource in the Ur-ban Gradient, while the Insects resource in the Suburban and the Periurban. The results obtained in this research demonstrate that the bird richness de-crease while the urbanization gradient increase. The most of the species use the Canopy habitat but to keep the richness it is necessary to preserve many types of habitats. It is evident that the species which tolerate strong anthropiset areas are widely distributed and their abundances are elevates in this zones. Keywords: Anthropisation, Birds Communities, Disturbance, Canopy, Urban
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ANTROPIZACIÓN, COMUNIDAD DE AVES, DISTURBADO, DOSEL, GRADIENTE URBANO, URBANIZACIÓN, RECURSO, PERIURBANO
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APA