Correlación entre el índice predictivo de asma y presencia de la enfermedad en pacientes pediátricos
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2023
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
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Introducción: El asma es la enfermedad inflamatoria crónica de la via aérea inferior más frecuente en la infancia, donde intervienen mecanismos inmunológicos y no inmunológicos. Se caracteriza por una marcada hiperreactividad bronquial y obstrucción variable al flujo aéreo que termina con la remodelación de la via aérea. Los hallazgos clínicos característicos son tos, sibilancias y disnea. En la práctica clínica, el pediatra se encuentra ante un gran reto al diagnosticar y tratar con certeza al lactante y preescolar con sibilancias. Por tanto, se han creado distintos índices predictores de asma, siendo el más utilizado el de Castro Rodríguez creado en el año 2000. El Índice Predictivo de Asma (IPA) es una guía para determinar que pacientes tienen probabilidades de tener asma bronquial cuando sean mayores. Objetivo: Determinar la correlación entre el índice predictivo de asma y presencia de la enfermedad en pacientes pediátricos mayores de 5 años atendidos en el Hospital Francisco de Icaza Bustamante durante el periodo 2019-2022. Metodología: El presente trabajo tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, de corte transversal, retrospectivo, analítico y observacional. La muestra estuvo conformada por 125 niños que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: Al aplicar el IPA, se evidencia que del total de pacientes estudiados el mayor porcentaje (76,8%) presentaron datos compatibles con IPA positivo, con una sensibilidad del (81%) y especificidad del (32%). Discusión: Al término de la investigación los resultados demostraron que el IPA tiene una alta sensibilidad y menor especificidad, lo cual difiere con los estudios publicados previamente. Conclusiones: La eficacia del índice predictivo de asma en prever el desarrollo de asma a futuro es muy elevada, por lo que es útil en el tamizaje de casos con alta probabilidad de desarrollar asma y por ende detectar riesgo de gravedad.
Introduction: Asthma is the most common chronic inflammatory disease of the lower airway in childhood, where immunological and non-immunological mechanisms are involved. It is characterized by marked bronchial hyperreactivity and variable airflow obstruction that ends with airway remodeling. Characteristic clinical findings are cough, wheezing, and dyspnea. In clinical practice, the pediatrician is faced with a great challenge in accurately diagnosing and treating the infant and preschooler with wheezing. Therefore, different asthma predictive indices have been created, the most widely used being that of Castro Rodríguez created in the year 2000. The Asthma Predictive Index (API) is a guide to determine which patients are likely to have bronchial asthma when they are older. Objective: To determine the correlation between the predictive index of asthma and the presence of the disease in pediatric patients over 5 years of age treated at the Francisco de Icaza Bustamante Hospital during the period 2019-2022. Methodology: This work had a quantitative approach, non-experimental, cross-sectional, retrospective, analytical and observational design. The sample consisted of 125 children who met the inclusion criteria. Results: When applying the API, it is evident that of the total number of patients studied, the highest percentage (76.8%) presented data compatible with positive API, with a sensitivity of (81%) and specificity of (32%). Discussion: At the end of the investigation, the results showed that the IPA has a high sensitivity and lower specificity, which differs from previously published studies. Conclusions: The effectiveness of the asthma predictive index in predicting the development of asthma in the future is very high, which is why it is useful in screening cases with a high probability of developing asthma and therefore detecting risk of severit
Introduction: Asthma is the most common chronic inflammatory disease of the lower airway in childhood, where immunological and non-immunological mechanisms are involved. It is characterized by marked bronchial hyperreactivity and variable airflow obstruction that ends with airway remodeling. Characteristic clinical findings are cough, wheezing, and dyspnea. In clinical practice, the pediatrician is faced with a great challenge in accurately diagnosing and treating the infant and preschooler with wheezing. Therefore, different asthma predictive indices have been created, the most widely used being that of Castro Rodríguez created in the year 2000. The Asthma Predictive Index (API) is a guide to determine which patients are likely to have bronchial asthma when they are older. Objective: To determine the correlation between the predictive index of asthma and the presence of the disease in pediatric patients over 5 years of age treated at the Francisco de Icaza Bustamante Hospital during the period 2019-2022. Methodology: This work had a quantitative approach, non-experimental, cross-sectional, retrospective, analytical and observational design. The sample consisted of 125 children who met the inclusion criteria. Results: When applying the API, it is evident that of the total number of patients studied, the highest percentage (76.8%) presented data compatible with positive API, with a sensitivity of (81%) and specificity of (32%). Discussion: At the end of the investigation, the results showed that the IPA has a high sensitivity and lower specificity, which differs from previously published studies. Conclusions: The effectiveness of the asthma predictive index in predicting the development of asthma in the future is very high, which is why it is useful in screening cases with a high probability of developing asthma and therefore detecting risk of severit
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PEDIATRIA, ASMA, CORRELACION DE DATOS, INDICE PREDICTIVO, EPIDEMIOLOGIA ANALITICA, ESTUDIOS RETROSPECTIVOS, HOSPITAL DEL NIÑO FRANCISCO DE ICAZA BUSTAMANTE, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR