Caracterización de la biometría hemática como apoyo diagnóstico del dengue en adultos
Fecha
2023
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
Introducción: El Dengue es una enfermedad producida por el vector Aedes Aegypti que transmite un virus RNA conformado por cuatro serotipos, DENV 1234. Afecta sintomáticamente al ser humano después de 4 a 10 días de incubación y la enfermedad puede durar aproximadamente entre 2 a 7 días. En Ecuador, cuyo sistema de salud, no es eficiente y eficaz, afectando negativamente las pruebas diagnósticas de todo tipo, lo que obliga clínicamente a apoyarnos en otras alternativas, como, la biometría hemática. Objetivo: Caracterizar la biometría hemática como apoyo diagnóstico del Dengue según la fase clínica en adultos atendidos en el Hospital General Guasmo Sur en el periodo 2020 al 2022. Materiales y Métodos: Se aplicó un enfoque cuantitativo de diseño no experimental y transversal de tipo retrospectivo con un nivel de investigación descriptivo. Resultados: El comportamiento de la biometría hemática en la fase febril, 55,56% leucocitos en rango normal, linfopenia 50%, y el 77,78% cursó con hematocrito normal. En la fase crítica, el 54,70% cursaron valores normales de leucocitos, con 56,60% linfocitosis, con un hematocrito en el 73,58% dentro de los rangos normales. En la fase de convalecencia, el 88,68% con leucocitos; el 54,72% linfocitos, y el 77,36% hematocrito de los pacientes, con valores normales. Conclusión: La variabilidad de la biometría hemática, y el cuadro clínico, nos permite determinar la fase clínica del Dengue, así como su pronóstico. Solo, el 13,21% en la fase febril logró realizarse un NS1 y a ningún paciente se le realizó la PCR-t.
Introduction: Dengue is a disease produced by the Aedes Aegypti vector that transmits an RNA virus made up of four serotypes, DENV 1234. It affects humans symptomatically after 4 to 10 days of incubation and the disease can last approximately 2 to 7 days. In Ecuador, whose health system is not efficient and effective, negatively affecting diagnostic tests of all kinds, which clinically forces us to rely on other alternatives, such as blood counts. Objective: To characterize hematic biometry as diagnostic support for Dengue according to the clinical phase in adults treated at the Guasmo Sur General Hospital in the period 2020 to 2022. Materials and Methods: A quantitative approach of non-experimental and cross-sectional retrospective design was applied with a descriptive level of research. Results: The behavior of the hematic biometry in the febrile phase, 55% leukocytes in normal range, 50% lymphopenia, and 77.78% course with normal hematocrit. In the critical phase, 54.72% had normal leukocyte values, with 56.60% lymphocytosis with a hematocrit in 76.78% within normal ranges. In the convalescence phase, 88.68% with leukocytes; 54.72% lymphocytes, and 77.76% hematocrit of the patients, with normal values. Conclusion: The variability of the blood count, and the clinical picture, allows us to determine the clinical phase of dengue, as well as its prognosis. Only 27.78% in the febrile phase managed to perform an NSI and no patient underwent PCR-t.
Introduction: Dengue is a disease produced by the Aedes Aegypti vector that transmits an RNA virus made up of four serotypes, DENV 1234. It affects humans symptomatically after 4 to 10 days of incubation and the disease can last approximately 2 to 7 days. In Ecuador, whose health system is not efficient and effective, negatively affecting diagnostic tests of all kinds, which clinically forces us to rely on other alternatives, such as blood counts. Objective: To characterize hematic biometry as diagnostic support for Dengue according to the clinical phase in adults treated at the Guasmo Sur General Hospital in the period 2020 to 2022. Materials and Methods: A quantitative approach of non-experimental and cross-sectional retrospective design was applied with a descriptive level of research. Results: The behavior of the hematic biometry in the febrile phase, 55% leukocytes in normal range, 50% lymphopenia, and 77.78% course with normal hematocrit. In the critical phase, 54.72% had normal leukocyte values, with 56.60% lymphocytosis with a hematocrit in 76.78% within normal ranges. In the convalescence phase, 88.68% with leukocytes; 54.72% lymphocytes, and 77.76% hematocrit of the patients, with normal values. Conclusion: The variability of the blood count, and the clinical picture, allows us to determine the clinical phase of dengue, as well as its prognosis. Only 27.78% in the febrile phase managed to perform an NSI and no patient underwent PCR-t.
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ADULTO, DENGUE, DIAGNOSTICO CLINICO, BIOMETRIA HEMATICA, TECNICAS DE LEBORATORIO CLINICO, ESTUDIOS RETROSPECTIVOS, EPIDEMIOLOGIA DESCRIPTIVA, HOSPITAL GENERAL GUASMO SUR, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR