Factores de auge, crisis y recuperación del sector camaronero ecuatoriano en el período 1994-2014
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2015-02-12
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Universidad de Guayaquil Facultad de Ciencias Económicas
Resumen
En los últimos 20 años (1994 – 2014) la industria del camarón en cautiverio ha experimentado todas las etapas del ciclo económico. El sector camaronero por el año 2000, sufrió una severa crisis debido al virus de la mancha blanca, lo que conllevó a que muchas empacadoras y piscinas cerraran, así como afectó negativamente a toda la cadena de producción relacionada con las mismas que incluyen: laboratorios, fábricas de balanceados, transportistas y otros proveedores de materiales y servicios.
La crisis significó que en el año 2000 hubiera una reducción del número de laboratorios de más del 70%, 40% del área de piscinas camaroneras se encontraban inactivas y 90.000 personas perdieran sus fuentes de trabajo relacionados a este sector.
Ante esta situación el sector privado camaronero, para tratar de salir de este bache, hicieron grandes inversiones para buscar una solución al problema. Se incrementaron sistemas de cultivos tierra adentro, los cuales por estar apartados de las zonas donde existe el virus, presentaron buenos resultados; además se implementó el cultivo en invernaderos.
Paralelamente a la recuperación del sector camaronero, en los últimos 11 años, se ha producido un crecimiento sostenido de los sectores relacionados con este, como el de los balanceados.
PROBLEMA El sector camaronero ecuatoriano provee uno de los productos de mayor importancia en la exportación y, por consiguiente, un rubro importante en el ingreso de divisas que inciden en la economía interna del Ecuador. A partir del año dos mil el sector camaronero sufrió una disminución en las exportaciones debido a enfermedades que afectaron la producción.
In the last 20 years (1994-2014) the shrimp industry in captivity has experienced all stages of the economic cycle. The shrimp sector by 2000, suffered a severe crisis due to white spot virus, which led to many packers and closed swimming pools and negatively affected the entire production chain related thereto including: laboratories, balanced factories, carriers and other providers of goods and services. The crisis meant that in 2000 there was a reduction in the number of laboratories over 70%, 40% of the area of shrimp ponds were inactive and 90,000 people lost their jobs related to this sector. In response, the private sector shrimp, trying to get out of this rut, invested heavily to find a solution to the problem. inland culture systems were increased, which to be removed from areas where there the virus, showed good results; also it implemented cultivation in greenhouses. Parallel to the recovery of the shrimp sector, in the last 11 years there has been a steady growth in sectors related to this, such as the balanced. PROBLEM The Ecuadorian shrimp industry provides one of the most important products in the export and, therefore, an important foreign exchange earnings affecting the domestic economy of Ecuador category. From two thousand the shrimp sector suffered a decline in exports due to diseases that affected production.
In the last 20 years (1994-2014) the shrimp industry in captivity has experienced all stages of the economic cycle. The shrimp sector by 2000, suffered a severe crisis due to white spot virus, which led to many packers and closed swimming pools and negatively affected the entire production chain related thereto including: laboratories, balanced factories, carriers and other providers of goods and services. The crisis meant that in 2000 there was a reduction in the number of laboratories over 70%, 40% of the area of shrimp ponds were inactive and 90,000 people lost their jobs related to this sector. In response, the private sector shrimp, trying to get out of this rut, invested heavily to find a solution to the problem. inland culture systems were increased, which to be removed from areas where there the virus, showed good results; also it implemented cultivation in greenhouses. Parallel to the recovery of the shrimp sector, in the last 11 years there has been a steady growth in sectors related to this, such as the balanced. PROBLEM The Ecuadorian shrimp industry provides one of the most important products in the export and, therefore, an important foreign exchange earnings affecting the domestic economy of Ecuador category. From two thousand the shrimp sector suffered a decline in exports due to diseases that affected production.
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EXPORTACIONES, COMERCIALIZACIÓN, ECONOMÍA PESQUERA, MANCHA BLANCA - CAMARÓN