Manejo clínico y terapéutico inicial en recién nacidos prematuros con síndrome de abstinencia neonatal
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2023
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
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Introducción: El Síndrome de Abstinencia Neonatal (SAN) es un trastorno que afecta a los recién nacidos expuestos a sustancias adictivas a través de la placenta durante el embarazo. Los bebés prematuros tienen un mayor riesgo de desarrollar SAN debido a que su sistema nervioso central aún no ha madurado completamente. Por lo tanto, el manejo clínico y terapéutico inicial de los recién nacidos prematuros con SAN es de vital importancia para prevenir complicaciones y mejorar los resultados a largo plazo. Objetivo: Determinar el manejo clínico y terapéutico inicial en recién nacidos prematuros con síndrome de abstinencia neonatal en el Hospital General Guasmo Sur en el periodo 2019 – 2022. Metodología: Se utiliza un estudio tipo retrospectivo cuantitativo nivel descriptivo tipo observacional corte transversal. Resultados: Se observa que, del total de 206 casos de síndrome de abstinencia neonatal, el género masculino corresponde al 59% y el género femenino al 41%, con respecto a la edad gestacional el 50% pertenece al rango de 37- 41 semanas, seguido del 43% en el rango de 27 – 36 semanas, el 59% se encuentra en el rango de 13 a 16 puntos en la escala de Finnegan, obteniéndose el 53% de la edad materna menor a 18 años, el 53% corresponde al consumo de hache, y el 65% al manejo farmacológico predominando en el 78% la administración de fenobarbital. Conclusiones: El Síndrome de Abstinencia Neonatal detectado a través del historial clínico de madre drogodependiente y su manejo en las primeras horas de vida es primordial abarcando el tratamiento no farmacológico y una vez que hace mas resistencia se aplica el farmacológico utilizando el fenobarbital como desactivador de los síntomas neurovegetativos
se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública debido al creciente número de mujeres embarazadas que consumen drogas de fácil acceso y bajo costo y que Existe una relación directa entre la escala de Finnegan y el Síndrome de Abstinencia Neonatal. La escala de Finnegan es utilizada tanto para diagnosticar la enfermedad como para evaluar su gravedad en recién nacidos.
Introduction: Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) is a disorder that affects newborns exposed to addictive substances through the placenta during pregnancy. Premature infants are at increased risk of developing NAS because their central nervous system has not yet fully matured. Therefore, the initial clinical and therapeutic management of preterm infants with NAS is of vital importance to prevent complications and improve long-term outcomes. Objective: To determine the initial clinical and therapeutic management of preterm newborns with neonatal abstinence syndrome at Hospital General Guasmo Sur in the period 2019 - 2022. Methodology: A retrospective, quantitative, descriptive, descriptive, cross-sectional, observational study. Results: It is observed that, of the total of 206 cases of neonatal abstinence syndrome, the male gender corresponds to 59% and the female gender to 41%, with respect to gestational age, 50% belong to the range of 37-41 weeks, followed by 43% in the range of 27 - 36 weeks, 59% is in the range of 13 to 16 points on the Finnegan scale, obtaining 53% of maternal age under 18 years, 53% corresponds to the consumption of hache, and 65% to pharmacological management, prevailing in 78% the administration of phenobarbital. Conclusions: Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome has become a public health problem due to the increasing number of pregnant women consuming easily accessible and low-cost drugs and that There is a direct relationship between the Finnegan scale and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome. The Finnegan scale is used both to diagnose the disease and to assess its severity in newborns
Introduction: Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) is a disorder that affects newborns exposed to addictive substances through the placenta during pregnancy. Premature infants are at increased risk of developing NAS because their central nervous system has not yet fully matured. Therefore, the initial clinical and therapeutic management of preterm infants with NAS is of vital importance to prevent complications and improve long-term outcomes. Objective: To determine the initial clinical and therapeutic management of preterm newborns with neonatal abstinence syndrome at Hospital General Guasmo Sur in the period 2019 - 2022. Methodology: A retrospective, quantitative, descriptive, descriptive, cross-sectional, observational study. Results: It is observed that, of the total of 206 cases of neonatal abstinence syndrome, the male gender corresponds to 59% and the female gender to 41%, with respect to gestational age, 50% belong to the range of 37-41 weeks, followed by 43% in the range of 27 - 36 weeks, 59% is in the range of 13 to 16 points on the Finnegan scale, obtaining 53% of maternal age under 18 years, 53% corresponds to the consumption of hache, and 65% to pharmacological management, prevailing in 78% the administration of phenobarbital. Conclusions: Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome has become a public health problem due to the increasing number of pregnant women consuming easily accessible and low-cost drugs and that There is a direct relationship between the Finnegan scale and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome. The Finnegan scale is used both to diagnose the disease and to assess its severity in newborns
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RECIEN NACIDO PREMATURO, SINDROME DE ABSTINENCIA NEONATAL, MANEJO CLINICO, MANEJO TERAPEUTICO, HOSPITAL GENERAL GUASMO SUR, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR