Determinacion de la Citologia Cervicovaginal y Colposcopia Como Metodos de Diagnostico Prezcos del Cancer Cervicouterino en Pacientes Ginecologicas
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2023
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
El cáncer de cuello uterino es un problema de salud pública, siendo una de las
principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad en países en vía de desarrollo. Para el
screening y diagnóstico de las lesiones del cuello uterino se realiza citología cervical
(Papanicolaou). Ante un reporte de citología sospechosa, la colposcopia es un
procedimiento imprescindible en la evaluación del tracto genital inferior para detectar
lesiones tempranas y cáncer. Sin embargo, en la actualidad sigue existiendo cierto
porcentaje de discordancia entre la citología y colposcopía. Por tanto, la presente
investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la correlación de la citología
cervicovaginal y colposcopia como métodos de diagnóstico precoz del cáncer
cervicouterino en mujeres atendidas en el servicio de consulta externa de ginecología
y/o colposcopía del Hospital General Guasmo Sur, 2022. El estudio es de enfoque
mixto, correlacional, de diseño no experimental y retrospectivo, donde la muestra fue
de 113 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión establecidos. Conforme
a los resultados obtenidos, la edad, el inicio precoz de las relaciones sexuales, la
nuliparidad, la multiparidad, y una vida sexual activa, resultaron ser variables que
influyeron de forma significativa en la aparición de lesiones intraepiteliales cervicales.
De igual manera, los resultados indican que, la citología cervical es un método de
ayuda diagnóstica para detectar displasias cervicales, así como carcinomas
invasores, pero no debe ser el único método para diagnosticarlas, deberá
complementarse con estudios de correlación como la colposcopia
Cervical cancer is a public health problem, being one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. For screening and diagnosis of cervical lesions, cervical cytology (Papanicolaou) is performed. When a suspicious cytology is reported, colposcopy is an essential procedure in the evaluation of the lower genital tract to detect early lesions and cancer. However, at present there is still a certain percentage of discordance between cytology and colposcopy. Therefore, the present research aimed to determine the correlation of cervicovaginal cytology and colposcopy as methods of early diagnosis of cervical cancer in women seen in the outpatient gynecology and/or colposcopy service of the Hospital General Guasmo Sur, 2022. The study is of mixed, correlational, non-experimental and retrospective design, where the sample consisted of 113 patients who met the established inclusion criteria. According to the results obtained, age, early onset of sexual relations, nulliparity, multiparity, and an active sexual life were found to be variables that significantly influenced the appearance of cervical intraepithelial lesions. Similarly, the results indicate that cervical cytology is a diagnostic aid to detect cervical dysplasia and invasive carcinomas, but it should not be the only method to diagnose them; it should be complemented with correlation studies such as colposcopy.
Cervical cancer is a public health problem, being one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. For screening and diagnosis of cervical lesions, cervical cytology (Papanicolaou) is performed. When a suspicious cytology is reported, colposcopy is an essential procedure in the evaluation of the lower genital tract to detect early lesions and cancer. However, at present there is still a certain percentage of discordance between cytology and colposcopy. Therefore, the present research aimed to determine the correlation of cervicovaginal cytology and colposcopy as methods of early diagnosis of cervical cancer in women seen in the outpatient gynecology and/or colposcopy service of the Hospital General Guasmo Sur, 2022. The study is of mixed, correlational, non-experimental and retrospective design, where the sample consisted of 113 patients who met the established inclusion criteria. According to the results obtained, age, early onset of sexual relations, nulliparity, multiparity, and an active sexual life were found to be variables that significantly influenced the appearance of cervical intraepithelial lesions. Similarly, the results indicate that cervical cytology is a diagnostic aid to detect cervical dysplasia and invasive carcinomas, but it should not be the only method to diagnose them; it should be complemented with correlation studies such as colposcopy.
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COLPOSCOPIA, PAPANICOLAOU, MORBIMORTALIDAD, CUELLO UTERINO, HOSPITAL GENERAL GUASMO SUR, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR