Efecto de la contaminación hidrocarburífera sobre la estructura comunitaria de macroinvertebrados bentónicos presentes en el sedimento del Estero Salado
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2010
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El Estero Salado forma parte del Golfo de Guayaquil, se encuentra contaminado con hidrocarburos debido al aporte de aguas residuales industriales, derrames de petróleo, aguas de sentina, transferencia y transportación de combustibles, mal manejo de desechos sólidos. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto de la contaminación hidrocarburíferas sobre la estructura comunitaria de
macroinvertebrados presentes en el sedimento en el Estero Salado durante
noviembre de 2009. Doce estaciones fueron muestreadas, se usó la draga Van Veen de 0.10 m-2, se realizaron tres réplicas en cada sitio para analizar los
macroinvertebrados, hidrocarburos totales, grasas, aceites, nutrientes, materia
orgánica metales pesados: Pb, Cd y Hg, granulometría, pH. Adicionalmente se
analizó O2, pH, salinidad, temperatura y profundidad del cuerpo hídrico. Se reportó 1520 especímenes presentes en doce estaciones, se registró 5 taxa, 7 clases, 20 familias, 23 géneros y 11 especies El Phylum más abundante fue Annelida con el 45%, seguida de Arthropoda con el 33%, Mollusca con 20% y en menor cantidad con el 2% Echinodermata y Aschelmintha. La estación con mayor diversidad fue Kennedy con 1.68Bits/Ind y la menos diversa fue Cuarentena con 0.48 Bits/Ind, las concentraciones de hidrocarburos aceites y grasas disminuyeron gradualmente desde los ramales internos hacia los ramales más externos con mayor incidencia de las mareas y la diversidad disminuyó en las zonas con mayor aporte de hidrocarburos totales, el análisis de varianza (Prueba de Friedman) determinó que existen diferencias significativas entre las estaciones con un p < 0.05. El ACP determinó que el 52% la variabilidad entre estaciones se explica por las variables: Oxígeno, pH, salinidad, hidrocarburos totales, aceites, grasa, nitratos, Hg y sulfuros. La diversidad y homogeneidad disminuye en las zonas con mayor concentración de hidrocarburos no así la abundancia siendo las especies que persisten en las zonas más contaminadas Capitella cf capitata y el díptero Psychoda sp.
The Estero Salado Estuary is part of the Gulf of Guayaquil, it is contaminated with hydrocarbon due to the contribution of industrial wastewater, oil spills, bilge water, fuel transfer and transportation, poor management of solid waste. The tarjet of this study was to determine the effect of hydrocarbon pollution on the macroinvertebrate community structure in sediments at Estero Salado during November of 2009. Sediment samples were collected from twelve sampling sites by means of a Van Veen grab of 0.10 m-2, three replicates were taken at each site to analyze the macroinvertebrates, total hydrocarbons, fats, oils, nutrients, organic matter, heavy metals: Pb, Cd and Hg, grain size, pH. Additionally O2, pH, salinity, temperature and depth of the water body were analyzed. 1520 specimens were reported present at twelve sampling sites, five taxa were recorded, 7 classes, 20 families, 23 genera and 11 species. The most abundant Phylum was Annelida to 45%, followed by Arthropoda with 33%, 20% Mollusca and smaller amount to 2% of Aschelmintha and Echinodermata.Kennedy sampling site was the most diverse with 1.68Bits/Ind. and Cuarentena with 0.48 Bits/Ind the least diverse. The concentrations of hydrocarbon oils and fats decreased gradually from the inner to the outermost branches with higher incidence of tides and diversity decreased in areas with greater contribution of total hydrocarbons, analysis of variance (Friedman test) determined significant differences among sampling with a p <0.05. The ACP found that 52% of the variability among sites is explained by the variables: oxygen, pH, salinity, total hydrocarbons, oils, nitrates, mercury and sulfur. The diversity andhomogeneity declined in areas with higher concentrations of hydrocarbons but not abundance and the species more persistent in this area were Capitella cf capitata and the Diptera Psychoda sp.
The Estero Salado Estuary is part of the Gulf of Guayaquil, it is contaminated with hydrocarbon due to the contribution of industrial wastewater, oil spills, bilge water, fuel transfer and transportation, poor management of solid waste. The tarjet of this study was to determine the effect of hydrocarbon pollution on the macroinvertebrate community structure in sediments at Estero Salado during November of 2009. Sediment samples were collected from twelve sampling sites by means of a Van Veen grab of 0.10 m-2, three replicates were taken at each site to analyze the macroinvertebrates, total hydrocarbons, fats, oils, nutrients, organic matter, heavy metals: Pb, Cd and Hg, grain size, pH. Additionally O2, pH, salinity, temperature and depth of the water body were analyzed. 1520 specimens were reported present at twelve sampling sites, five taxa were recorded, 7 classes, 20 families, 23 genera and 11 species. The most abundant Phylum was Annelida to 45%, followed by Arthropoda with 33%, 20% Mollusca and smaller amount to 2% of Aschelmintha and Echinodermata.Kennedy sampling site was the most diverse with 1.68Bits/Ind. and Cuarentena with 0.48 Bits/Ind the least diverse. The concentrations of hydrocarbon oils and fats decreased gradually from the inner to the outermost branches with higher incidence of tides and diversity decreased in areas with greater contribution of total hydrocarbons, analysis of variance (Friedman test) determined significant differences among sampling with a p <0.05. The ACP found that 52% of the variability among sites is explained by the variables: oxygen, pH, salinity, total hydrocarbons, oils, nitrates, mercury and sulfur. The diversity andhomogeneity declined in areas with higher concentrations of hydrocarbons but not abundance and the species more persistent in this area were Capitella cf capitata and the Diptera Psychoda sp.
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CONTAMINACIÓN, HIDROCARBUROS, MACROINVERTEBRADOS BENTÓNICOS, ESTERO SALADO, ESTUARIO, SEDIMENTACIÓN