Estudio de las patologías músculo-esqueléticas de hombros en estibadores en áreas de almacenamiento y embarque: Propuesta de un plan de mejoramiento de las condiciones de trabajo en la procesadora de camarón.
Fecha
2015-03-20
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad, Higiene Industrial y Salud Ocupacional.
Resumen
En la procesadora de camarón, los estibadores, realizan actividades que a futuro ocasionarán trastornos músculo-esqueléticos al estar expuestos a riesgos ergonómicos. Se plantea la hipótesis de que estos trastornos músculo-esqueléticos de hombro son provocados por las tareas que ejecutan; se realizó un estudio a toda la población utilizando herramientas como el registro de morbilidad laboral, fichas médicas, evaluación de riesgos ergonómicos mediante el Método R.U.L.A., y diagnóstico situacional de la empresa. La hipótesis resulta positiva al concluir que el 69% de los trabajadores han presentado molestias de hombro; el 50% tienen dolor mediano a fuerte; el 65% consideran que la causa es exceso de trabajo. El 38% tienen sintomatología de hombro al examen físico y en el período de la investigación acudieron 21 estibadores con molestias. La aplicación del método RULA, resulta un nivel de riesgo alto (4), lo que obliga a tomar medidas inmediatas. El análisis de la empresa muestra ciertas deficiencias no graves en su sistema de gestión en seguridad y salud ocupacional. Se propone un plan de mejoramiento de las condiciones de trabajo y recomendaciones
In the shrimp processing, dockers make activities which eventually cause musculoskeletal disorders to be exposed to ergonomic hazards. Raises the hypothesis that these shoulder muscle-skeletal disorders are caused by tasks that perform; therefore a study will be made on the population whom use tools such as the register of occupational morbidity, tabs medical, evaluation of ergonomic hazards through the R.U.L.A. method, and situational analysis of the company. The hypothesis is positive at the end of that 69% of workers have had shoulder discomfort; 50% have medium to strong; 65% believe that the cause is overwork. 38% have symptoms of shoulder physical examination and in the investigation period were 21 longshoremen with discomfort. The application of the RULA method is a high risk (4) level, which forces to take immediate action. The analysis of the company shows some not serious deficiencies in their management system in occupational safety and health. A plan of improvement of the working conditions and recommendations is proposed.
In the shrimp processing, dockers make activities which eventually cause musculoskeletal disorders to be exposed to ergonomic hazards. Raises the hypothesis that these shoulder muscle-skeletal disorders are caused by tasks that perform; therefore a study will be made on the population whom use tools such as the register of occupational morbidity, tabs medical, evaluation of ergonomic hazards through the R.U.L.A. method, and situational analysis of the company. The hypothesis is positive at the end of that 69% of workers have had shoulder discomfort; 50% have medium to strong; 65% believe that the cause is overwork. 38% have symptoms of shoulder physical examination and in the investigation period were 21 longshoremen with discomfort. The application of the RULA method is a high risk (4) level, which forces to take immediate action. The analysis of the company shows some not serious deficiencies in their management system in occupational safety and health. A plan of improvement of the working conditions and recommendations is proposed.
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Palabras clave
SEGURIDAD Y SALUD EN EL TRABAJO, ESTIBADORES, TRASTORNOS MÚSCULO-ESQUELÉTICOS, MÉTODO RULA, INDUSTRIA DE CAMARON