Evaluación de riesgos ergonómicos por movimientos repetitivos y posturas inadecuadas que afectan a la salud de las secretarias de la empresa eléctrica regional del sur de Loja.
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2015-06-12
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad, Higiene Industrial y Salud Ocupacional.
Resumen
El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo principal de
identificar, evaluar y plantear estrategias preventivas para disminuir los
factores de riesgo ergonómico en el puesto de secretaria de la Empresa
Eléctrica Regional del Sur de Loja. Teniendo como justificación el mapa de
riesgos así como las encuestas aplicadas para conocer a que nivel del
cuerpo humano se están presentando molestias músculo esqueléticas,
determinándose que diez de las doce secretarias investigadas presentan
dolor en la zona dorsal. En la metodología aplicada se utilizan métodos
avalados por el Instituto de Seguridad e Higiene del Trabajo, el método
RULA OFFICE, evalúa posturas inadecuadas al realizar las tareas en el
puesto de trabajo, resultando tres de ellas con una puntuación de siete,
requiriendo cambios urgentes en el puesto o tarea; para evaluar
movimientos repetitivos se utilizó el método OCRA CHECK LIST, donde
cinco secretarias presentan riesgo no aceptable con nivel leve. Llegando a
la conclusión que se debe implementar en la institución el Sistema de
Gestión de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, donde se cuente con la
Unidad de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional como lo indica el Artículo 15 del
Decreto 23-93; realizar el rediseño del puesto de trabajo tomando en cuenta
la Antropometría realizada, así como la elaboración del plan de vigilancia
de la salud para las secretarias; implementar el programa de pausas activas
y poner en práctica las reglas de mejora continua ( 5 S); medidas
necesarias para minimizar y controlar los riesgos ergonómicos causantes
de enfermedades ocupacionales en el puesto de secretaria y evitar la
posibilidad de responsabilidad patronal por inobservancia de las normas de
prevención en riesgos del trabajo
The main objective of this study was identify, assess and implement prevention strategies in the specific area of secretary services in order to diminish the ergonomic risk as developing musculoskeletal illnesses of the servers of the Regional Electric Company in the South of Loja. The research has been based upon the risks map and survey employees to determine the extent and level of the problem; it was established that ten of the assess secretaries claim to have back pain. According to the applied methodology, the institute safety and health of work and the RULE OFFICE methods were used; through these methods it could establish that three secretaries had a score of seven, which determines to make urgent changes on their place of work. On the other hand, the repetitive movements were evaluated using the method OCRA CHECK LIST. Through this method was found that five secretaries presented no acceptable a slight risk. Afterwards committing to the conclusion that the institution must implement a safety, healthy and management system; in which a safety unit as an occupational health department. According to Art.15 of decree 23-93; as well as perform job redesign and training plan for prevention of occupational diseases, developing the effective health care plan for secretaries, in addition implementing the program of active pause and put into practice the rules of continuous improvement (5 S). Those alternatives of safety, health and management system will minimize and control the ergonomic risk that cause occupational diseases in secretaries and so avoid future employer`s responsibilities caused by absence of safety norms
The main objective of this study was identify, assess and implement prevention strategies in the specific area of secretary services in order to diminish the ergonomic risk as developing musculoskeletal illnesses of the servers of the Regional Electric Company in the South of Loja. The research has been based upon the risks map and survey employees to determine the extent and level of the problem; it was established that ten of the assess secretaries claim to have back pain. According to the applied methodology, the institute safety and health of work and the RULE OFFICE methods were used; through these methods it could establish that three secretaries had a score of seven, which determines to make urgent changes on their place of work. On the other hand, the repetitive movements were evaluated using the method OCRA CHECK LIST. Through this method was found that five secretaries presented no acceptable a slight risk. Afterwards committing to the conclusion that the institution must implement a safety, healthy and management system; in which a safety unit as an occupational health department. According to Art.15 of decree 23-93; as well as perform job redesign and training plan for prevention of occupational diseases, developing the effective health care plan for secretaries, in addition implementing the program of active pause and put into practice the rules of continuous improvement (5 S). Those alternatives of safety, health and management system will minimize and control the ergonomic risk that cause occupational diseases in secretaries and so avoid future employer`s responsibilities caused by absence of safety norms
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Palabras clave
SEGURIDAD Y SALUD EN EL TRABAJO, RIESGOS EGONÓMICOS, POSTURAS INADECUADAS, MÉTODO RULA OFFICE, SECRETARIAS