Contratos entre Inversor-Estado: tratados bilaterales de protección recíproca de inversiones, caso Ecuador.
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2015-06-11
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Universidad de Guayaquil Facultad de Ciencias Económicas
Resumen
De acuerdo a la evidencia empírica, la Inversión Extranjera Directa (IED) contribuye positivamente en el crecimiento económico de los países receptores de la inversión. Bajo este contexto, nacieron los Tratados Bilaterales de Protección Recíproca de Inversiones (TBI’s), los cuales recogen principios jurídicos sobre el tratamiento que los inversores deberían recibir. Sin embargo, la vaguedad en su redacción ha provocado que cualquier apuesta política sea susceptible a demandas ante cortes internacionales de arbitraje, entre ellas el Centro Internacional de Arreglo de Diferencias Relativas a Inversiones (CIADI). El presente trabajo pretende analizar el tratamiento y las garantías que reciben los inversionistas extranjeros gracias a que estos TBI’s, contienen cláusulas que permiten interpretaciones a favor de los intereses privados. Por otro lado, se examina el carácter ilegal del CIADI, y la industria del arbitraje que se ha creado a nivel internacional. Se concluye exponiendo las propuestas planteadas por algunos países sudamericanos entre ellos Ecuador, los cuales denunciaron el convenio con el CIADI, y se encuentran en proceso de auditoría de sus TBI’s.
According to empirical evidence, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) contributes positively to the economic growth of countries receiving investment. In this context, the bilateral born Reciprocal Protection of Investments (BIT's), which contained legal principles on the treatment that investors should receive. However, the vagueness in the wording has caused any political gamble susceptible to lawsuits before international arbitration courts, including the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). This paper aims to analyze the treatment and guarantees given foreign investors thanks to these TBI's, contain clauses that allow interpretations in favor of private interests. On the other hand, the illegal nature of ICSID arbitration and industry that has created worldwide under review. We conclude exposing the proposals made by some South American countries including Ecuador, which denounced the agreement with the ICSID, and are in the process of auditing its TBI's.
According to empirical evidence, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) contributes positively to the economic growth of countries receiving investment. In this context, the bilateral born Reciprocal Protection of Investments (BIT's), which contained legal principles on the treatment that investors should receive. However, the vagueness in the wording has caused any political gamble susceptible to lawsuits before international arbitration courts, including the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). This paper aims to analyze the treatment and guarantees given foreign investors thanks to these TBI's, contain clauses that allow interpretations in favor of private interests. On the other hand, the illegal nature of ICSID arbitration and industry that has created worldwide under review. We conclude exposing the proposals made by some South American countries including Ecuador, which denounced the agreement with the ICSID, and are in the process of auditing its TBI's.
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INVERSIONES EXTRANJERAS, GLOBALIZACIÓN, ACUERDOS INTERNACIONALES, ARBITRAJE DE INVERSIONES