La necropsia postexhumación de cadáveres para el esclarecimiento de problemas médico- legales en el cantón Guayaquil del 2010 al 2012
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2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad Piloto de Odontología.
Resumen
La Exhumación comprende la remoción de los restos humanos desde su tumba, fosa o nicho con las respectivas autorizaciones de ley. La exhumación es uno de los recursos médico legales de gran importancia con el que cuenta el Poder Judicial. Su utilidad en los casos en que persisten dudas, en cuanto a la verdadera causa de muerte, la convierten a esta pericia en un recurso valioso y determinante. La exhumación sirve básicamente para proveer información, para esclarecer la causa de muerte de un individuo y los mecanismos por los cuales esta ocurrió, a través de nuevos exámenes técnico científicos como la realización de una nueva necropsia, exámenes toxicológicos, pericias odontológicas, pruebas de ADN, pericias criminalísticas. Así el hallazgo de objetos productores de lesión como proyectiles de arma de fuego, sustancias químicas, condiciones anatomopatológicas del cadáver u otro agente que haya producido la muerte son elementos sustanciales con el fin de obtener nuevos datos reveladores que no fueron expuestos en la primera necropsia, todo encaminado a encontrar la verdadera causa del deceso. Visando la importancia de los aspectos mencionados, es necesario elaborar un manual de normas para la aplicación de esta pericia en Guayaquil, debido a que el perito no cuenta con un instructivo para llevar a cabo profesionalmente una exhumación. El eje central de esta investigación será el desarrollo de un manual de normas, aplicando protocolos técnico-científicos estandarizados que alcancen la eficiencia y eficacia de la práctica de la necropsia post-exhumación en nuestro medio. CIENCIA FORENSE; MEDICINA LEGAL; EXHUMACIÓN.
The Exhumation involves the removal of human remains from his grave, grave or niche with the respective authorizations law. The exhumation is one of the forensic resources of great importance with which counts the judiciary. Its usefulness in cases persisting doubts as to the real cause of death, make this expertise into a valuable and critical resource. Exhumation serves primarily to provide information, to clarify the cause of death of an individual and the mechanisms by which this occurred, through new technical examinations scientists conducting a new autopsy, toxicology tests, dental expertise, DNA testing, criminology skills etc. So finding producers objects of injury as projectiles gun, chemical, pathological anatomical corpse conditions or other agent that has caused death are essential elements in order to obtain new insight that were not exposed in the first necropsy, all aimed at finding the true cause of death. The practice of DNA testing, today has emerged as the most effective means to obtain accurate results in human identification, vital edge in the postexhumation autopsy. Aiming the importance of these aspects, it is necessary to develop a manual of rules for applying this expertise in Guayaquil, because the Perito not have a clear instructional format or with a guide to conduct an exhumation professionally. The focus of this research is the development of a manual of standards, applying technical and scientific standardized to achieve the efficiency and effectiveness of the practice of postexhumation autopsy in our protocols. Keywords: Forensic Science; legal medicine; exhumation; necropsy; DNA
The Exhumation involves the removal of human remains from his grave, grave or niche with the respective authorizations law. The exhumation is one of the forensic resources of great importance with which counts the judiciary. Its usefulness in cases persisting doubts as to the real cause of death, make this expertise into a valuable and critical resource. Exhumation serves primarily to provide information, to clarify the cause of death of an individual and the mechanisms by which this occurred, through new technical examinations scientists conducting a new autopsy, toxicology tests, dental expertise, DNA testing, criminology skills etc. So finding producers objects of injury as projectiles gun, chemical, pathological anatomical corpse conditions or other agent that has caused death are essential elements in order to obtain new insight that were not exposed in the first necropsy, all aimed at finding the true cause of death. The practice of DNA testing, today has emerged as the most effective means to obtain accurate results in human identification, vital edge in the postexhumation autopsy. Aiming the importance of these aspects, it is necessary to develop a manual of rules for applying this expertise in Guayaquil, because the Perito not have a clear instructional format or with a guide to conduct an exhumation professionally. The focus of this research is the development of a manual of standards, applying technical and scientific standardized to achieve the efficiency and effectiveness of the practice of postexhumation autopsy in our protocols. Keywords: Forensic Science; legal medicine; exhumation; necropsy; DNA
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IDENTIFICACION HUMANA