Elaboración de un Dashboard de prevención para la identificación y control de riesgos vinculados a la gestión de mantenimiento en zonas clasificadas como explosivas.
Fecha
2023-12-19
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad, Salud e Higiene Industrial.
Resumen
Las industrias que manejan polvos combustibles están sujetas a regulaciones y
normativas estrictas para prevenir y controlar el riesgo de explosiones. Las
atmósferas explosivas (ATEX) son mezclas de sustancias inflamables en forma de
gas, vapor niebla o polvo en el aire, que pueden generar una explosión si se
encuentra en condiciones adecuadas. Entre los hallazgos encontrados están los
peligros asociados a estas áreas, que tienen consecuencias graves desde heridos
hasta muertes, incluyendo las pérdidas económicas a las organizaciones derivadas
por las explosiones por polvo combustible. El objetivo es desarrollar una
herramienta que garantice la salud de los trabajadores y la protección de las
instalaciones frente al riesgo de explosión por polvo, mediante la identificación y
clasificación de las atmósferas explosivas, así como la aplicación de las medidas
técnicas y organizativas adecuadas. Se llevó a cabo una recopilación documental
por medio de una revisión sistemática aplicando el método PRISMA (Preferred
Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Dashboard o Panel
de control es una herramienta digital donde se visualizará de manera comprensible
la evolución de la adherencia en el pilar de seguridad de las zonas clasificadas como
explosivas por polvo. Está formado por; un cuestionario dividido por diecisiete
bloques, cada uno de ellos con preguntas asociadas a la clasificación según el área
y actividad que se ejecuta; plan de acción tiene como finalidad cerrar brechas de las
evidencias encontradas luego de las auditorias; rampa de implementación de
seguridad es la evolución favorable mediante la ejecución de acciones que eleven
la percepción de seguridad del trabajador. Ante el evidente desconocimiento del
personal frente a los peligros asociados en las zonas ATEX, es necesario gestionar
los riesgos mediante supervisiones, controles, procedimientos, capacitación y
buenas prácticas. Con el fin de concientizar y minimizar los accidentes e incidentes
por polvo combustible.
Industries handling combustible dusts are subject to strict regulations and standards to prevent and control the risk of explosions. Explosive atmospheres (ATEX) are mixtures of flammable substances in the form of gas, vapor, mist or dust in the air, which can generate an explosion if found in suitable conditions. Among the findings are the dangers associated with these areas, which have serious consequences from injuries to deaths, including economic losses to organizations arising from combustible dust explosions. The object is To develop a tool to ensure the health of workers and the protection of facilities against the risk of dust explosion, through the identification and classification of explosive atmospheres, as well as the implementation of appropriate technical and organizational measures. A documentary compilation was carried out by means of a systematic review applying the PRISMA method (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Dashboard is a digital tool to visualize in a comprehensible way the evolution of adherence to the safety pillar in areas classified as explosive by dust. It is formed by; a questionnaire divided by seventeen blocks, each of them with questions associated with the classification according to the area and activity that is executed; action plan aims to close gaps of the evidences found after the audits; safety implementation ramp is the favorable evolution through the execution of actions that raise the worker's perception of safety. Given the evident lack of knowledge of personnel regarding the associated hazards in ATEX areas, it is necessary to manage the risks through supervisions, controls, procedures, training and good practices. In order to raise awareness and minimize accidents and incidents caused by combustible dust.
Industries handling combustible dusts are subject to strict regulations and standards to prevent and control the risk of explosions. Explosive atmospheres (ATEX) are mixtures of flammable substances in the form of gas, vapor, mist or dust in the air, which can generate an explosion if found in suitable conditions. Among the findings are the dangers associated with these areas, which have serious consequences from injuries to deaths, including economic losses to organizations arising from combustible dust explosions. The object is To develop a tool to ensure the health of workers and the protection of facilities against the risk of dust explosion, through the identification and classification of explosive atmospheres, as well as the implementation of appropriate technical and organizational measures. A documentary compilation was carried out by means of a systematic review applying the PRISMA method (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Dashboard is a digital tool to visualize in a comprehensible way the evolution of adherence to the safety pillar in areas classified as explosive by dust. It is formed by; a questionnaire divided by seventeen blocks, each of them with questions associated with the classification according to the area and activity that is executed; action plan aims to close gaps of the evidences found after the audits; safety implementation ramp is the favorable evolution through the execution of actions that raise the worker's perception of safety. Given the evident lack of knowledge of personnel regarding the associated hazards in ATEX areas, it is necessary to manage the risks through supervisions, controls, procedures, training and good practices. In order to raise awareness and minimize accidents and incidents caused by combustible dust.
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Palabras clave
ATEX, POLVO EXPLOSION, ATMOSFERAS EXPLOSIVAS, POLVOS COMBUSTIBLES