Propuesta de un sistema de rutas de acceso al transporte público urbano Metrovía de la ciudad de Guayaquil que mejore la inclusión de personas con discapacidad
Fecha
2020-11-21
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Universidad de Guayaquil: Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo
Resumen
El transporte urbano en la actualidad genera un impacto negativo hacia las personas
con discapacidad tanto física como sensorial; a lo que expresan un trato desigual e
inaccesible. Una visión interpersonal acerca de los desafíos de acceso e inclusión
plantea modificaciones arquitectónicas y tecnológicas dentro del sistema de
transporte público de la Ciudad de Guayaquil que integre al usuario con
discapacidad dándole mayor seguridad y confort. El objeto principal de este estudio
es de elaborar una propuesta de sistema de rutas que promueva la inclusión a las
personas con discapacidades tanto físicas como sensoriales al servicio de transporte
público urbano Metrovía de la Ciudad de Guayaquil. Para el cumplimiento de este
objetivo se exploran las necesidades de las personas con discapacidades en el
sistema de transporte público urbano, monitoreando las rutas, puntos de acceso y
su destino final para analizar los factores de dificultad dentro y fuera del sistema
Metrovía. Se aplica una metodología de carácter transversal exploratoria
experimental con enfoque cualitativo, la cual se basa en teorías para analizar la
situación, explorar resultados y formular la propuesta. Los dos modelos teóricos
analizados para el desarrollo del estudio: (i) Transporte público urbano inteligente
para accesibilidad dedicada a personas con discapacidades y (ii) Efecto de la
accesibilidad del transporte en la inclusión social de usuarios de sillas de ruedas: un
análisis de métodos mixtos.
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Los resultados de este estudio aportarán a los entes reguladores en la toma de
decisiones relacionadas al transporte público con la finalidad de comprender las
necesidades de las personas con discapacidades y la actualización de los parámetros
de diseño. Al final del estudio, se concluye que la implementación de 4 propuestas
entorno a los experimentos efectuados mejoran en un 60% el confort, 70% la
autonomía, 60% la seguridad y 50% el tiempo de los usuarios para acceder al
sistema de transporte público Metrovía infiriendo en un posible aumento del costo
del pasaje en un 70% conforme al pago actual. Como futura línea de investigación
este sistema de rutas se articulará con los demás sistemas de transporte público de
Guayaquil, para obtener una integración total de las personas con discapacidad.
Urban transport currently generates a negative impact on people with both physical and sensory disabilities; to which they express unequal and inaccessible treatment. An interpersonal vision about the challenges of access and inclusion raises architectural and technological modifications within the public transport system of Guayaquil City that integrates the user with disabilities, giving them greater safety and comfort. The main purpose of this study is to develop a proposal for a route system that promotes the inclusion of people with both physical and sensory disabilities to the urban public transport service Metrovía of Guayaquil City. In order to fulfill this objective, the needs of people with disabilities in the urban public transport system are explored, monitoring the routes, access points and their final destination to analyze the difficulty factors inside and outside the Metrovía system. An experimental exploratory cross-sectional methodology is applied with a qualitative approach, which is based on theories to analyze the situation, explore results and formulate the proposal. The two theoretical models analyzed for the development of the study: (i) Smart urban public transport for accessibility dedicated to people with disabilities and (ii) Effect of transport accessibility on the social inclusion of wheelchair users: an analysis of methods mixed. The results of this study will contribute to regulatory bodies in making decisions related to public transport in order to understand the needs of people with disabilities and update the design parameters. At the end of the study, it is concluded that the implementation of 4 proposals around the experiments carried out improves comfort by 60%, 70% autonomy, 60% safety and 50% the time of users to access the public transport system Metrovía inferring a possible increase in the cost of the ticket by 70% according to the current payment. As a future line of research, this route system will be articulated with the other public transport systems in Guayaquil, to obtain a total integration of people with disabilities.
Urban transport currently generates a negative impact on people with both physical and sensory disabilities; to which they express unequal and inaccessible treatment. An interpersonal vision about the challenges of access and inclusion raises architectural and technological modifications within the public transport system of Guayaquil City that integrates the user with disabilities, giving them greater safety and comfort. The main purpose of this study is to develop a proposal for a route system that promotes the inclusion of people with both physical and sensory disabilities to the urban public transport service Metrovía of Guayaquil City. In order to fulfill this objective, the needs of people with disabilities in the urban public transport system are explored, monitoring the routes, access points and their final destination to analyze the difficulty factors inside and outside the Metrovía system. An experimental exploratory cross-sectional methodology is applied with a qualitative approach, which is based on theories to analyze the situation, explore results and formulate the proposal. The two theoretical models analyzed for the development of the study: (i) Smart urban public transport for accessibility dedicated to people with disabilities and (ii) Effect of transport accessibility on the social inclusion of wheelchair users: an analysis of methods mixed. The results of this study will contribute to regulatory bodies in making decisions related to public transport in order to understand the needs of people with disabilities and update the design parameters. At the end of the study, it is concluded that the implementation of 4 proposals around the experiments carried out improves comfort by 60%, 70% autonomy, 60% safety and 50% the time of users to access the public transport system Metrovía inferring a possible increase in the cost of the ticket by 70% according to the current payment. As a future line of research, this route system will be articulated with the other public transport systems in Guayaquil, to obtain a total integration of people with disabilities.
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Palabras clave
TRANSPORTE PÚBLICO URBANO-METROVIA, INCLUSIÓN DE PERSONAS CON DISCAPACIDAD, METROVÍA