Detección precoz de hipoacusia en recién nacidos mediante tamizaje auditivo
Fecha
2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
Antecedentes: La hipoacusia en la infancia es una patología frecuente que se presenta
en 5 de cada 1000 nacidos vivos y que afecta al desarrollo social y cognitivo; existen
métodos como la prueba de emisiones otacústicas, el cual es muy valioso en el estudio de
las alteraciones auditivas para su detección temprana. Investigación realizada entre los
meses marzo a junio del 2016 en el Omni Hospital: Objetivo general: detectar
oportunamente hipoacusia y los factores de riesgo en el recién nacido para realizar
programa de sensibilización con su respectiva derivación a terapia y resolver o minimizar
el impacto de estas alteraciones auditivas. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo, no
experimental, exploratorio, correlacional, y evaluativo a 309 neonatos diseñándose un
formulario para recolección de los antecedentes más importantes. Resultados: de los 309
neonatos de ambos sexos, con factores de riesgo y sanos el porcentaje de recién nacidos
que pasaron el primer tamizaje fue de 90,7%, y los que no pasaron fueron el 9,3%, de estos
al mes de realizarse la segunda prueba 2 bebes no pasaron el examen de otoemisiones
acústicas confirmándose con los potenciales evocados. Conclusiones: se pudo confirmar
que sí existen casos de hipoacusia que ameritan tratamiento oportuno, siendo necesario
realizar programas para sensibilizar tanto al personal médico, autoridades y población en
general sobre las causas y efectos de la hipoacusia y que existen posibilidades para su
prevención, detección y tratamiento estando las OEA como método confiable por su
simplicidad, facilidad de manejo y su mínimo impacto invasivo.
Background: Hearing loss in children is a common condition that occurs in 5 of every 1,000 live births and affects the social and cognitive development; there are methods such as otoacoustic emissions test, which is very valuable in the study of hearing impairment for early detection. Research carried out between March and June 2016 at the Omni Hospital: objective: timely detection of hearing loss and risk factors in the newborn for awareness program with their respective referral to therapy and to solve or minimize the impact of these changes hearing. Methodology: Quantitative study, not experimental, exploratory, correlational, and 309 infants being designed evaluation form for collection of the most important background. Results: Of the 309 infants of both sexes, risk factors and the percentage of healthy newborns who passed the first screening was 90.7%, and those who passed were 9.3%, of these a month the second test 2 babies did not pass the test of otoacoustic emissions evoked potentials confirmed to perform. Conclusions: it was confirmed that yes there are cases of hearing loss warranting timely treatment, being necessary programs to sensitize medical staff, authorities and the general public about the causes and effects of hearing loss and that there are possibilities for prevention, detection and treatment AEO being as reliable method for its simplicity, ease of use and minimal invasive impact.
Background: Hearing loss in children is a common condition that occurs in 5 of every 1,000 live births and affects the social and cognitive development; there are methods such as otoacoustic emissions test, which is very valuable in the study of hearing impairment for early detection. Research carried out between March and June 2016 at the Omni Hospital: objective: timely detection of hearing loss and risk factors in the newborn for awareness program with their respective referral to therapy and to solve or minimize the impact of these changes hearing. Methodology: Quantitative study, not experimental, exploratory, correlational, and 309 infants being designed evaluation form for collection of the most important background. Results: Of the 309 infants of both sexes, risk factors and the percentage of healthy newborns who passed the first screening was 90.7%, and those who passed were 9.3%, of these a month the second test 2 babies did not pass the test of otoacoustic emissions evoked potentials confirmed to perform. Conclusions: it was confirmed that yes there are cases of hearing loss warranting timely treatment, being necessary programs to sensitize medical staff, authorities and the general public about the causes and effects of hearing loss and that there are possibilities for prevention, detection and treatment AEO being as reliable method for its simplicity, ease of use and minimal invasive impact.
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RECIEN NACIDO, HIPOACUSIA, TAMIZAJE AUDITIVO, OMNIHOSPITAL, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR