Astigmatismo residual post facoemulsificación Hospital General Luis Vernaza
Fecha
2013
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
El Astigmatismo residual es el error refractario luego de una cirugía de catarata cualquiera que sea la técnica empleada, influye de manera directa en el resultado visual inmediato del paciente operado, siendo directamente proporcional al tamaño y sitio de la incisión corneal. La introducción de la facoemulsificación ha hecho posible la extracción de la catarata y la implantación de lentes intraoculares plegables por incisiones corneales inferiores a 3mm; a pesar de sus múltiples ventajas existe poco conocimiento e información sobre el astigmatismo posquirúrgico en Ecuador lo cual justifica el desarrollo de este trabajo. La metodología del estudio es de tipo descriptivo, retrospectivo y diseño no experimental, considerando sólo pacientes con catarata sin otra patología ocular de fondo, sometidos a facoemulsificación con estandarización de la incisión corneal a 2,75 mm y operados por un mismo cirujano, durante el período comprendido de Enero del 2010 a diciembre del 2011 en el Hospital General Luis Vernaza. La recolección de datos se realizará mediante un formulario diseñado en el que se hará constar tres mediciones queratométricas posoperatorias: la primera a las 24 horas, la segunda al mes y la tercera a los tres meses siguientes a la intervención quirúrgica, ésta última sin corrección y con corrección usando lentes para determinar la mejor agudeza visual del paciente pseudofáquico y en consecuencia se espera obtener la reducción en un 80% del astigmatismo posquirúrgico, es decir, aproximadamente entre 0,25 a 0,50 dioptrías, con la finalidad de adaptar un formato de cirugía para estudiantes en formación y médicos tratantes que inicien su aprendizaje en la facoemulsificación, además de colaborar con la satisfacción visual, rápida recuperación de los pacientes a sus actividades cotidianas y disminución de complicaciones.
Residual astigmatism is the refractive error that takes place after a cataract surgery regardless of the technique used. It directly affects the patient's immediate visual result, and is directly proportional to the corneal incision´s size and site. The introduction of phacoemulsification has made the extraction of cataracts and the implantation of foldable intraocular lens through corneal incisions under 3mm possible. Nevertheless, despite phacoemulsification´s many advantages, there is little knowledge and information on postoperative astigmatism in Ecuador, which justifies the development of this work. The study follows a descriptive, retrospective, non-experimental, cross methodology. Participants include patients with cataract, and no other ocular pathology background, who underwent phacoemulsification with a standardized corneal incision of 2.75 mm and operated by the same surgeon, during the period of January 2010 to December 2011 in the General Hospital Luis Vernaza. Data collection will be performed using a form in which three postoperative keratometry measurements shall be recorded: the first within 24 hours; the second one a month afterwards, and the third one three months after the surgery. The latter will include measurements with and without correction lenses to determine the pseudophakic patient's visual acuity better. An 80% reduction in postoperative astigmatism is expected, which is approximately between 0.50 to 0.25 diopters. Results will be used to adopt a surgery format for students and physicians who are beginning to learn about phacoemulsification. In addition, they will serve to collaborate with the patients’ visual satisfaction, rapid recovery to their daily activities, and complication decrease.
Residual astigmatism is the refractive error that takes place after a cataract surgery regardless of the technique used. It directly affects the patient's immediate visual result, and is directly proportional to the corneal incision´s size and site. The introduction of phacoemulsification has made the extraction of cataracts and the implantation of foldable intraocular lens through corneal incisions under 3mm possible. Nevertheless, despite phacoemulsification´s many advantages, there is little knowledge and information on postoperative astigmatism in Ecuador, which justifies the development of this work. The study follows a descriptive, retrospective, non-experimental, cross methodology. Participants include patients with cataract, and no other ocular pathology background, who underwent phacoemulsification with a standardized corneal incision of 2.75 mm and operated by the same surgeon, during the period of January 2010 to December 2011 in the General Hospital Luis Vernaza. Data collection will be performed using a form in which three postoperative keratometry measurements shall be recorded: the first within 24 hours; the second one a month afterwards, and the third one three months after the surgery. The latter will include measurements with and without correction lenses to determine the pseudophakic patient's visual acuity better. An 80% reduction in postoperative astigmatism is expected, which is approximately between 0.50 to 0.25 diopters. Results will be used to adopt a surgery format for students and physicians who are beginning to learn about phacoemulsification. In addition, they will serve to collaborate with the patients’ visual satisfaction, rapid recovery to their daily activities, and complication decrease.
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Astigmatismo, Incisión corneal, Post facoemulsificación, Epidemiología descriptiva, Estudios retrospectivos, Hospital Luis Vernaza, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador